ReviewToxins2019
RTX Toxins of Animal Pathogens and Their Role as Antigens in Vaccines and Diagnostics.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction of a Mutant Library ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Serological Findings in Pigs Vaccinated AgainstVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Sheep-DerivedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Genomic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence factors of Gallibacterium anatis isolates from layer chickens in Northern China.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of seven candidate vaccines boosted with recombinant proteins, whole-cell bacterins of three serotypes ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Examination of the Virulence ofVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Acquisition, co-option, and duplication of the rtx toxin system and the emergence of virulence in Kingella.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Whole genome sequencing to study antimicrobial resistance and RTX virulence genes in equine Actinobacillus isolates.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Comparative Efficacy in Challenge Dose Models of a Toxin Expressing Whole-Cell Vaccine against Eight Serovars ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Exert Immunomodulatory Effects on Porcine Alveolar Macrophages.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Genetic Diversity ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Isolation of Biotype 1 Serotype 12 and Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- MALDI-TOF MS Biomarker Detection Models to Distinguish RTX Toxin Phenotypes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Coinfections and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance inFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- RTX-Toxins.Toxins · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exotoxins play a central role in the pathologies caused by most major bacterial animal pathogens. The large variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the animal kingdom is reflected by a large variety of bacterial pathogens and toxins. The group of repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) toxins is particularly abundant among bacterial pathogens of animals. Many of these toxins are described as hemolysins due to their capacity to lyse erythrocytes in vitro. Hemolysis by RTX toxins is due to the formation of cation-selective pores in the cell membrane and serves as an important marker for virulence in bacterial diagnostics. However, their physiologic relevant targets are leukocytes expressing β2 integrins, which act as specific receptors for RTX toxins. For various RTX toxins, the binding to the CD18 moiety of β
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.