ArticleInflammation2020
Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Autophagy Promotes Microglial Cell Death by Modulating the Microglial M1/M2 Phenotype.
Article in Inflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulatory role of the endocannabinoid system on glial cells toward cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Lipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- IL-3 Modulates Microglia Polarization and Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Alleviation of nitroglycerin-induced migraine in rats: inhibition of central sensitization by optimizing Qinggan Jieyu decoction regulation of purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 and autophagy.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Anti-TLR2 immunotherapy modulates neuron-to-oligodendrocyte propagation of α-synuclein in mouse and human models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Aβ Deposition in Extracellular Space Disrupts Glial-Neuron Communication and Triggers Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Participation of autophagy in D-galactosamine-induced acute rat liver injury.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Enhancing autophagy mitigates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization and neuronophagocytosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation and acute ischemic stroke: impact on translational research and clinical care.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Review
- Sex Dimorphism Influences Cortical Microglial Morphological and Phenotypic Marker Profile after Closed Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging studies on acupuncture therapy in cerebral ischemic stroke: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Acute neuroinflammation promotes a metabolic shift that alters extracellular vesicle cargo in the mouse brain cortex.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Autophagy in Neuroinflammation: A Focus on Epigenetic Regulation.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Autophagy-Dependent Secretion: Crosstalk between Autophagy and Exosome Biogenesis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Delayed COCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Degradation of NLRP3 by p62-dependent-autophagy improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by maintaining the phagocytic function of microglia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Review
- The Interplay between α-Synuclein and Microglia in α-Synucleinopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Microglia in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Myocardial injury: where inflammation and autophagy meet.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) regulates the innate immune response of microglia during infection via autophagy. Microglial M1/M2 phenotypic switching after infection could serve as a novel pathogenic mechanism for cerebral infection. Hence, it has important implications for the damage and restoration of neurological function. However, the effect of TLR2-mediated autophagic signaling on microglial phenotypic transition remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of TLR2-mediated autophagic signaling in the regulation of microglial M1/M2 phenotypes. Using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, increased autophagy was observed in peptidoglycan (PGN)-stimulated BV2 cells, while reduced autophagy was observed in TLR2-KO cells. In contrast to the TLR2 antagonist CU-CPT22 group, increased autophagy was observed in the presence of the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4, which was associated with a significant increase in expression levels of M1 phenotype biomarkers (CD86, TNF-α, IL-6), higher levels of apoptosis, and decreased expression levels of M2 markers (CD206, IL-10, Arg-1). In the TLR2-KO mice, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins in CD11b
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.