ReviewEye & contact lens2020
A Review of Imaging Biomarkers of the Ocular Surface.
Review in Eye & contact lens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Grading Scales of Conjunctival Inflammation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Meibomian gland changes and influencing factors following cataract surgery.International ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Tear Fluid Biomarkers in Diabetic Ocular Surface Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Evaluation of meibomian glands in childhood malnutrition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In vivo confocal microscopy provides evidence of corneal nerve damage and basal tear film reduction in patients treated with oral isotretinoin.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of punctal metrics and tear meniscus height in epiphora: clinical insights and diagnostic potential.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Layer-by-layer tear film measurement in patients with dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Tear-Based Ocular Wearable Biosensors for Human Health Monitoring.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Multimodal Approach in Dry Eye Disease Combining In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and HLA-DR Expression.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Corneal Epithelial Changes in Diabetic Patients: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Patient Satisfaction and Tear Film Break-Up Time After First-Time Wearing of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses.Cureus · 2024Article
- Enhanced adipose-derived stem cells with IGF-1-modified mRNA promote wound healing following corneal injury.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Impact of reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept on clinical and biomolecular parameters in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Effect of recombinant human nerve growth factor treatment on corneal nerve regeneration in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Integration of Artificial Intelligence into the Approach for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Pre-Lens Tear Meniscus Height, Lipid Layer Pattern and Non-Invasive Break-Up Time Short-Term Changes with a Water Gradient Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Real-world experience of using ciclosporin-A 0.1% in the management of ocular surface inflammatory diseases.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A biomarker is a "characteristic that is measured as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions." Recently, calls for biomarkers for ocular surface diseases have increased, and advancements in imaging technologies have aided in allowing imaging biomarkers to serve as a potential solution for this need. This review focuses on the state of imaging biomarkers for ocular surface diseases, specifically non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus measurement and corneal epithelial thickness with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), meibomian gland morphology with infrared meibography and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), ocular redness with grading scales, and cellular corneal immune cells and nerve assessment by IVCM. Extensive literature review was performed for analytical and clinical validation that currently exists for potential imaging biomarkers. Our summary suggests that the reported analytical and clinical validation state for potential imaging biomarkers is broad, with some having good to excellent intra- and intergrader agreement to date. Examples of these include NIBUT for dry eye disease, ocular redness grading scales, and detection of corneal immune cells by IVCM for grading and monitoring inflammation. Further examples are nerve assessment by IVCM for monitoring severity of diabetes mellitus and neurotrophic keratitis, and corneal epithelial thickness assessment with anterior segment OCT for the diagnosis of early keratoconus. However, additional analytical validation for these biomarkers is required before clinical application as a biomarker.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.