Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31832623›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2019

Mental health outcomes associated with of the use of amphetamines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rebecca McKetin, Janni Leung, Emily Stockings, Yan Huo, James Foulds, Julia M Lappin, Craig Cumming, Shalini Arunogiri, Jesse T Young, Grant Sara and 2 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Methamphetamine-Related Deaths: Medicolegal Data, 2005-2025.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026
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  17. Observational
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28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rebecca McKetinNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Janni LeungNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Emily StockingsNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Yan HuoFaculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
James FouldsDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Julia M LappinNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Craig CummingSchool of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Shalini ArunogiriTurning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.
Jesse T YoungSchool of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Grant SaraNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
Michael FarrellNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Louisa DegenhardtNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Funding

Using existing data to understand and ameliorate risk in opioid agonist therapyR01DA044170 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES · PI DEGENHARDT, LOUISA · 2017 to 2019
$641k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA044170
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of amphetamines is a global public health concern. We summarise global data on use of amphetamines and mental health outcomes.

methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD 42017081893). We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo for methamphetamine or amphetamine combined with psychosis, violence, suicidality, depression or anxiety. Included studies were human empirical cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials that assessed the association between methamphetamine and one of the mental health outcomes. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results for any use of amphetamines and amphetamine use disorders.

findings149 studies were eligible and 59 were included in meta-analyses. There was significant heterogeneity in effects. Evidence came mostly from cross-sectional studies. Any use of amphetamines was associated with higher odds of psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.3), violence (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1; adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.4), suicidality OR = 4.4, 95%CI 2.4-8.2; AOR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.9) and depression (OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2; AOR = 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.4). Having an amphetamine use disorder was associated with higher odds of psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.9-4.8; AOR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.6-3.5), violence (OR = 6.2, 95%CI 3.1-12.3), and suicidality (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.8-2.9; AOR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.8).

interpretationMethamphetamine use is an important risk factor for poor mental health. High quality population-level studies are needed to more accurately quantify this risk. Clinical responses to methamphetamine use need to address mental health harms.

Indexed as

AmphetaminesAnxietyDepressionMental healthMethamphetaminePsychosisSubstance useSuicidalityViolence

Identifiers

PMID31832623
PMCPMC6890973

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.