ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2019
Examining pathogenic concepts of autoimmune hepatitis for cues to future investigations and interventions.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatocyte-Derived Apoptotic Bodies as Pathological Intercellular Messengers in the Liver.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Innovative Strategies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis and Associated Syndromes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An atypical presentation of autoimmune hepatitis with delayed menarche in a Nigerian adolescent: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Case Report: HLA-DRB1 04:01 found in a child with adenovirus type 2 -linked hepatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PNPLA3 I148 M genetic variant in autoimmune hepatitis characterises advanced disease at diagnosis and reduced survival free of cirrhotic events and liver-related mortality.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity After Primary and Booster Inactivated SARS-Cov-2 Vaccination in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Article
- Investigating Acute Hepatitis after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection: A Genetic Case Series.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Concurrent de novo Thymoma-associated Paraneoplastic Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Pure Red Cell Aplasia after Thymectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Review
- Advancing Biologic Therapy for Refractory Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Developmental trichloroethylene exposure enhances predictive markers of autoimmunity in a sex-specific manner in disease-resistant female mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2022Article
- Tet2 deficiency drives liver microbiome dysbiosis triggering Tc1 cell autoimmune hepatitis.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
- Immune Inhibitory Properties and Therapeutic Prospects of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta and Interleukin 10 in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Hepatic Adenosine Triphosphate Reduction Through the Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Uncoupling Protein 2 Axis Alleviates Immune-Mediated Acute Hepatitis in Inulin-Supplemented Mice.Hepatology communications · 2021Article
- Etiopathogenesis and Diagnostic Strategies in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Exploring the Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Implications of Interleukin 2 in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Review
- Incorporating mucosal-associated invariant T cells into the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Impact of Antigen Presentation Mechanisms on Immune Response in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Programmed cell death-1Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in autoimmune hepatitis, but they have not fully explained susceptibility, triggering events, and maintenance or escalation of the disease. Furthermore, they have not identified a critical defect that can be targeted. The goals of this review are to examine the diverse pathogenic mechanisms that have been considered in autoimmune hepatitis, indicate investigational opportunities to validate their contribution, and suggest interventions that might evolve to modify their impact. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Genetic and epigenetic factors can affect susceptibility by influencing the expression of immune regulatory genes. Thymic dysfunction, possibly related to deficient production of programmed cell death protein-1, can allow autoreactive T cells to escape deletion, and alterations in the intestinal microbiome may help overcome immune tolerance and affect gender bias. Environmental factors may trigger the disease or induce epigenetic changes in gene function. Molecular mimicry, epitope spread, bystander activation, neo-antigen production, lymphocytic polyspecificity, and disturbances in immune inhibitory mechanisms may maintain or escalate the disease. Interventions that modify epigenetic effects on gene expression, alter intestinal dysbiosis, eliminate deleterious environmental factors, and target critical pathogenic mechanisms are therapeutic possibilities that might reduce risk, individualize management, and improve outcome. In conclusion, diverse pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in autoimmune hepatitis, and they may identify a critical factor or sequence that can be validated and used to direct future management and preventive strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.