SynthesisIndian journal of pharmacology
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and complications of paraphenylenediamine-containing hair dye poisoning in developing countries.
Synthesis in Indian journal of pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The involvements of intracellular basal calcium and membrane potential in para-phenylenediamine-impaired sperm function.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Incidence and outcome of laryngeal edema and rhabdomyolysis after ingestion of black rock.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- When beauty is more than skin deep: Acute hepatitis secondary to topical para-phenylenediamine exposure from hair dye shampoo.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2023Article
- Article
- Accuracy of Rapid Emergency Medicine Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score in predicting acute paraphenylenediamine poisoning adverse outcomes.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review of reviews.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Demographic profile and clinical picture of patients presented with Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD)/ Kala Pathar poisoning at a District Teaching Hospital.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSuicide is a public health problem, and the number of paraphenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dye poisoning with suicidal intentions is increasing in developing countries. In order to better understand this situation, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and complications associated with hair dye poisoning in developing countries.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies using MeSh terms and text keywords to identify studies from the inception to March 2016 about hair dye poisoning with suicidal intentions in developing countries. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled prevalence proportion of hair dye poisoning and its major complications. Data extraction, data analysis, and risk of bias assessment were performed.
resultsThirty-two studies were included in the systematic review and 29 of these studies containing 5,559 subjects covering six countries were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence proportion of hair dye poisoning with suicidal intentions was 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.6-95.4) with a mortality rate of 14.5% (95% CI = 11.1-17.9). Of these, 73.8% were female, and 26.2% were male (sex ratio: 2.7:1). The occurrence of angioneurotic edema in hair poisoning patients was 67.1% (95% CI = 56.6-77.6), and tracheostomy intervention was considered in 47.9% (95% CI = 22.7-73.2) patients with respiratory distress. Acute renal failure was noticed in 54.7% (95% CI = 34.5-74.9) of the pooled samples and mortality rates were 14.5% (95% CI = 11.1-17.9). The pooled rate of the population studied from Asia and Africa showed 94.6% (95% CI = 92.5-96.7) and 82.9% (95% CI = 70.6-95.3), respectively, ingested hair dye with suicidal intentions. Further, studies carried out in Africa showed slightly higher mortality of 15.1% (95% CI = 6.56-23.7) than the Asians 14.3% (95% CI = 10.5-18.1).
conclusionThis meta-analysis provided clear evidence of the prevalence of hair dye poisoning among individuals with suicidal intentions and had given robust evidence for policy making to curtail emerging PPD-containing hair dye poisoning in developing countries.
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