ArticleNutrition journal2019
Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations Between Dietary Factors and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the MENA Region.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case-control studies.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of carbohydrate quality index on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- The relationship between low-carbohydrate diet score, dietary macronutrient intake, and rheumatoid arthritis: results from NHANES 2011-2016.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Dietary Patterns Associated with Breast Cancer in the Middle East: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- The effect of nutrition education for cancer prevention based on health belief model on nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of Iranian women.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Dietary carbohydrate quality and risk of breast cancer among women.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- The relation between low carbohydrate diet score and psychological disorders among Iranian adults.Nutrition & metabolism · 2021Article
- Adherence to "dietary approaches to stop hypertension" eating plan in relation to gastric cancer.Nutrition journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies on the link between macronutrients and breast cancer have mostly focused on individual macronutrients rather than their combination. This study investigates the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and odds of breast cancer among women.
methodsThis hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 412 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past year and 456 apparently healthy controls that were matched in terms of age and residential place. Dietary data was collected using a 168-item validated FFQ. Participants were classified in terms of quintiles of percentages of energy intake from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Then, individuals in the highest quintile of fat and protein intake were given a score of 5 and those in the lowest quintile of these macronutrients were given a score of 1. Participants in the other quintiles of these macronutrients were given the corresponding score. In terms of carbohydrate intake, those in the highest quintile received a score of 1 and those in the lowest quintile received 5. The scores were then summed up to calculate the total low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, which varied from 3 to 15. A higher score meant greater adherence to a low carbohydrate diet.
resultsThe mean age of study participants was 45.2 y and mean BMI was 28.4 kg/m
conclusionAdherence to LCD may be associated with increased odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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