ArticleCancer medicine2020
Combination of aloin and metformin enhances the antitumor effect by inhibiting the growth and invasion and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of metformin usage on survival outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after curative therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Targeting programmed cell death: a novel therapeutic paradigm for cancer based on mode-of-death classification.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- The mechanism of electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation and current research status of natural drugs and active ingredients inhibiting atrial electrical remodeling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Icariin mediates autophagy and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by the β-catenin signaling pathway through lncRNA LOXL1-AS1.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Metformin inhibits the growth of SCLC cells by inducing autophagy and apoptosis via the suppression of EGFR and AKT signalling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ailanthone Increases Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cisplatin Resistance Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Effect and Mechanism of Aloin in Ameliorating Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- A bibliometric analysis of the application of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- The Anthraquinone Derivative C2 Enhances Oxaliplatin-Induced Cell Death and Triggers Autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pregnancy: a mini-review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer through Inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Mechanistic Insights about Sorafenib-, Valproic Acid- and Metformin-Induced Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Aloin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and CClJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Article
- A novel combination of metformin and resveratrol alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Effects of LAIR-1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway regulation.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-08-14Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Image · Error in Data · Euphemisms for Plagiarism · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Plagiarism of Data · Plagiarism of Image · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/11DCDDBFE24F7F4AE46696580C81D7
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating and highly metastatic cancer worldwide. Metformin (MET) is the priority drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, it possesses multiple biological effects like anticancer and hepatoprotective activity. Herein, we examined the effects of aloin (barbaloin) and MET as well as combination treatment in HCC cell line in vitro and in vivo. As a result, aloin and MET alone exhibited inhibitory effects on proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells. Specially, combination treatment of aloin and MET showed enhanced inhibitory effects in vitro. Aloin and MET alone induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Similarly, aloin and MET cooperated to promote apoptosis and autophagy in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells. In the HepG2 xenograft models, aloin in combination with MET confine tumor growth and facilitate apoptosis and autophagy. Both the in vitro and in vivo results showed that aloin and MET alone as well as combination treatment activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, our research demonstrated that the concomitant treatment with aloin and MET enhances the antitumor effect by inhibiting the growth and invasion as well as inducing apoptosis and autophagy in HCC through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.