ArticleJournal of animal science2020
Metabolic studies reveal that ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade rumen-protected or unprotected L-citrulline.
Article in Journal of animal science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential role of L-citrulline in regulating exercise performance and muscle protein metabolism.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Effects of L-citrulline supplementation in the basal diet on reproductive performance, serum metabolites, and microbial community structure in Simmental cows.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Use of melatonin plus citrulline or arginine to mitigate ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction in sheep.Animal feed science and technology · 2025Article
- Dietary Supplementation with L-Citrulline Between Days 1 and 60 of Gestation Enhances Embryonic Survival in Lactating Beef Cows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Dietary L-leucine supplementation improves ruminal fermentation parameters and epithelium development in fattening Angus beef cattle.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Dietary citrulline supplementation enhances milk production in lactating dairy goats.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Impact of dietary supplementation of L-citrulline to meat goats during gestation on reproductive performance.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Dietary L-glutamine supplementation enhances growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo heifers via hepatic and skeletal muscle gene regulation.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- The Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Metabolism and Nutrition of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine in Ruminants.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Dietary glycine supplementation enhances the growth performance of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis ♀× Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Comparison of the effects of rumen-protected and unprotectedFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Use of monosodium-glutamate as a novel dietary supplement strategy for ovarian stimulation in goats.Animal reproduction · 2023Article
- Characteristics of ruminal microbiota and metabolome in Holstein cows differing in milk protein concentrations.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- Effects of Herbal Tea Residue on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Muscle Metabolome, and Rumen Microbiota Characteristics in Finishing Steers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Effect of supplementation of unprotected or protected arginine to prolific ewes on maternal amino acids profile, lamb survival at birth, and pre- and post-weaning lamb growth.Journal of animal science · 2020Article
- Evaluation of oral citrulline administration as a mitigation strategy for fescue toxicosis in sheep.Translational animal science · 2020Article
- Ruminal microbes of adult sheep do not degrade extracellular l-citrulline.Journal of animal science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine the metabolism of rumen-protected or unprotected l-citrulline (Cit) plus l-glutamine (Gln) by ruminal microbes. In the in vitro experiment, whole ruminal fluid (3 mL, containing microorganisms) from steers was incubated at 37 ºC with 5 mM Cit plus 6 mM Gln (in a rumen-protected or unprotected form) for 0, 0.5, 2, or 4 h after which times 50 µL samples were collected for AA and ammonia analyses. In the in vivo experiment, at 0.5 h before and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after cannulated adult steers consumed 0.56 kg dried-distillers' grain mixed with 70 g Cit plus 70 g Gln (in a rumen-protected or unprotected form), samples of ruminal fluid and jugular venous blood were obtained for AA analyses. Results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated extensive hydrolysis of rumen-unprotected Gln into glutamate, but little degradation of the rumen-protected Gln or rumen-protected and unprotected Cit by ruminal microbes. Concentrations of Cit and arginine in the plasma of steers consuming rumen-protected or unprotected AA increased at 1 and 2 h after the meal, respectively, when compared with values at 0 h. Collectively, these novel findings indicate that ruminal microbes of adult steers do not degrade extracellular Cit in a rumen-protected or unprotected form. Our results refute the view that all dietary AAs are extensively catabolized by ruminal microorganisms and also have important implications for dietary supplementation with Cit to ruminants to enhance the concentration of arginine in their plasma and their productivity.
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