ArticleBJPsych open2019
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and adult educational and employment outcomes.
Article in BJPsych open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The mental health of young people who are not in education, employment, or training: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Immunometabolic blood biomarkers of developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between IL-6 and trajectories of depressive symptoms across the life course: Evidence from ALSPAC and UK Biobank cohorts.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Network temperature as a metric of stability in depression symptoms across adolescence.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Article
- Depressive symptoms in adolescence and adult educational and employment outcomes: a structured life course analysis.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Young adults with depression: A registry-based longitudinal study of work-life marginalisation. The Norwegian GP-DEP study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2024Article
- A comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural interventions based on delivery features for elevated symptoms of depression in adolescents: A systematic review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Review
- Releasing synthetic data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): Guidelines and applied examples.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- 'I am tired, sad and kind': self-evaluation and symptoms of depression in adolescents.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- A cross-lagged twin study of emotional symptoms, social isolation and peer victimisation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Article
- Impact of anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on adverse outcomes in young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2023Article
- Partnerships at the Interface of Education and Mental Health Services: The Utilisation and Acceptability of the Provision of Specialist Liaison and Teacher Skills Training.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Shades of Fear-Mental and Physical Health Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Representative Study of Polish Society.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Nonlinear Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Perceived Depression in the Chinese Population.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Relative age in the school year and risk of mental health problems in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Article
- Work functioning among young adults: the role of mental health problems from childhood to young adulthood.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2022Article
- The timing and duration of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and young adults' NEET status: the role of educational attainment.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Research priorities for mental health in schools in the wake of COVID-19.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepressive symptoms show different trajectories throughout childhood and adolescence that may have different consequences for adult outcomes.
aimsTo examine trajectories of childhood depressive symptoms and their association with education and employment outcomes in early adulthood.
methodWe estimated latent trajectory classes from participants with repeated measures of self-reported depressive symptoms between 11 and 24 years of age and examined their association with two distal outcomes: university degree and those not in employment, education or training at age 24.
resultsOur main analyses (n = 9399) yielded five heterogenous trajectories of depressive symptoms. The largest group found (70.5% of participants) had a stable trajectory of low depressive symptoms (stable-low). The other four groups had symptom profiles that reached full-threshold levels at different developmental stages and for different durations. We identified the following groups: childhood-limited (5.1% of participants) with full-threshold symptoms at ages 11-13; childhood-persistent (3.5%) with full-threshold symptoms at ages 13-24; adolescent onset (9.4%) with full-threshold symptoms at ages 17-19; and early-adult onset (11.6%) with full-threshold symptoms at ages 22-24. Relative to the majority 'stable-low' group, the other four groups all exhibited higher risks of one or both adult outcomes.
conclusionsAccurate identification of depressive symptom trajectories requires data spanning the period from early adolescence to early adulthood. Consideration of changes in, as well as levels of, depressive symptoms could improve the targeting of preventative interventions in early-to-mid adolescence.
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