ArticleBMC public health2019
Understanding the intersection of race and place: the case of tuberculosis in Michigan.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Historical slavery predicts contemporary disparities in mortality between Black and White Americans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Associations of municipality-level income and racial segregation with individual-level tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil: a nationwide cohort study (2010-2019).Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Evidence of tuberculosis treatment outcomes among people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Tuberculosis Incidence, Arkansas, USA, 2010-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Time until tuberculosis recurrence and associated factors in Brazil: a populationbased retrospective cohort study using a linked database.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Paradoxical Effects of Income and Income Inequality on Racial Health Disparities.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2024Article
- Wastewater surveillance beyond COVID-19: a ranking system for communicable disease testing in the tri-county Detroit area, Michigan, USA.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Making the invisible visible: the current face of tuberculosis in Detroit, Michigan, USA.Cities & health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRace and place intersect to produce location-based variation in disease distributions. We analyzed the geographic distribution of tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Michigan, USA to better understand the complex interplay between race and place, comparing patterns in Detroit, Wayne County and the state of Michigan as a whole.
methodsUsing cross-sectional TB surveillance data from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, multivariable statistical models were developed to analyze the residence patterns of TB incidence from 2007 through 2012. Two-way interactions among the residence location and race of cases were assessed.
resultsOverall, Detroit residents experienced 58% greater TB incidence than residents of Wayne County or the state of Michigan. Racial inequalities were less pronounced in Detroit compared to both Wayne County and the state of Michigan. Blacks in Detroit had 2.01 times greater TB incidence than Whites, while this inequality was 3.62 times more in Wayne County and 8.72 greater in the state of Michigan.
conclusionOur results highlight how race and place interact to influence patterns of TB disease, and the ways in which this interaction is context dependent. TB elimination in the U.S. will require strategies that address the local social environment, as much as the physical environment.
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