ArticleThoracic cancer2020
Immunotherapy at any line of treatment improves survival in patients with advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with chemotherapy (Quijote-CLICaP).
Article in Thoracic cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of bone metastasis on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of bone metastasis on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex difference in response to non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy: an updated meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Hyperprogressive disease in patients suffering from solid malignancies treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Metastatic sites as predictors in advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Definition, Incidence, and Challenges for Assessment of Hyperprogressive Disease During Cancer Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Low Risk of Hyperprogression with First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Pooled Analysis of 7 Clinical Trials.The oncologist · 2023Trial
- Applying clinical natural language processing to lung cancer in Spain: a terminology-based panel approach.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
- Macrophage Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in drug resistance acquisition in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Molecular testing, first-line treatment patterns, and survival in metastatic Colombian non-small cell lung cancer: the RECAPC multicenter registry.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Assessing the Value of Sequential Next-Generation Sequencing and Multiple Molecular Tumor Board Reviews for Patients With Solid-Tumor Malignancies.JCO precision oncology · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in China based on real-world studies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Gene- and immune-targeted therapy combinations using dual-matched biomarkers for patient selection.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): characteristics, risk factors, molecular profile patterns, and treatment - a retrospective cohort study from Palestine.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of a risk-sharing agreement for atezolizumab treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a strategy to improve access in low-income countries.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Clinical, immune cell, and genetic features predicting survival and long-term response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- The Prognostic and Predictive Roles of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Expression in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Pembrolizumab Monotherapy Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Locally Advanced and Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with High PD-L1 Expression.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota-Tumor Microenvironment Interactions: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo compare survival outcomes of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received immunotherapy as first-, second- or beyond line, versus matched patients receiving standard chemotherapy with special characterization of hyperprogressors.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of 296 patients with unresectable/metastatic NSCLC treated with either, first-, second-, third- or fourth-line of immunotherapy was conducted. A matched comparison with a historical cohort of first-line chemotherapy and a random forest tree analysis to characterize hyperprogressors was conducted.
resultsMedian age was 64 years (range 34-90), 40.2% of patients were female. A total of 91.2% of patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score ≤ 1. Immunotherapy as first-line was given to 39 patients (13.7%), second-line to 140 (48.8%), and as third-line and beyond to 108 (37.6%). Median overall survival was 12.7 months (95% CI 9.67-14 months) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.27 months (95% CI 3.97-5.0). Factors associated with increased survival included treatment with immunotherapy as first-line (P < 0.001), type of response (P < 0.001) and PD-L1 status (P = 0.0039). Compared with the historical cohort, immunotherapy proved to be superior in terms of OS (P = 0.05) but not PFS (P = 0.2). A total of 44 hyperprogressors were documented (19.8%, [95% CI 14.5-25.1%]). Leukocyte count over 5.300 cells/dL was present in both hyperprogressors and long-term responders.
conclusionsPatients who receive immune-checkpoint inhibitors as part of their treatment for NSCLC have better overall survival (OS) compared with matched patients treated with standard chemotherapy, regardless of the line of treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.