Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31828291›Full record

Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020

Comparative Immunogenicity of Several Enhanced Influenza Vaccine Options for Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Benjamin J Cowling, Ranawaka A P M Perera, Sophie A Valkenburg, Nancy H L Leung, A Danielle Iuliano, Yat Hung Tam, Jennifer H F Wong, Vicky J Fang, Athena P Y Li, Hau Chi So and 10 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03330132 phase4completednot on this map

Immunogenicity of Alternative Annual Influenza Vaccination Strategies in Older Adults in Hong Kong - a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Hong KongRan2017 to 2025Enrolled1,861ConditionsInfluenza, HumanArmsStandard inactivated influenza vaccine (NH formulation), MF 59 adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (NH formulation), High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (NH formulation), Recombinant hemagglutinin inactivated influenza vaccine (NH formulation)
NCT07485855 phase3recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Comparison of Immunogenicity of Different Influenza Vaccines in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies

TypeinterventionalSponsorAsan Medical CenterRan2025 to 2028Enrolled60ConditionsHematologic Neoplasms, Influenza, ImmunogenicityArmsHigh-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3), MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV4), Standard-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV3)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Comparison of the immunogenicity of adjuvanted and conventional egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel in Lima, Peru: A randomized controlled trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026
    Trial
  7. Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Extend A(H3N2) Antibody Reactivity in Older Adults but Prior Vaccination Effects Persist.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025
    Trial
  8. Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024
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  16. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine.The New England journal of medicine · 2020
    Trial
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Benjamin J CowlingWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Ranawaka A P M PereraWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Sophie A ValkenburgWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Nancy H L LeungWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
A Danielle IulianoInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Yat Hung TamWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Jennifer H F WongWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Vicky J FangWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Athena P Y LiWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Hau Chi SoWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Dennis K M IpWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Eduardo Azziz-BaumgartnerInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Alicia M FryInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Min Z LevineInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Shivaprakash GangappaInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Suryaprakash SambharaInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Ian G BarrWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Danuta M SkowronskiBritish Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.
J S Malik PeirisWorld Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Mark G ThompsonInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
University of Hong Kong · HKCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USHKU-Pasteur Research Pole · HKThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

Research on the Epidemiology, Vaccine Effectiveness and Treatment of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Southeast Asia and the Western PacificU01IP001064 · IP · UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG · PI COWLING, BENJAMIN JOHN · 2016 to 2020
$10.4M
ACL HHS U01IP001064Intramural CDC HHS CC999999NCIRD CDC HHS U01 IP001064
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnhanced influenza vaccines may improve protection for older adults, but comparative immunogenicity data are limited. Our objective was to examine immune responses to enhanced influenza vaccines, compared to standard-dose vaccines, in community-dwelling older adults.

methodsCommunity-dwelling older adults aged 65-82 years in Hong Kong were randomly allocated (October 2017-January 2018) to receive 2017-2018 Northern hemisphere formulations of a standard-dose quadrivalent vaccine, MF59-adjuvanted trivalent vaccine, high-dose trivalent vaccine, or recombinant-hemagglutinin (rHA) quadrivalent vaccine. Sera collected from 200 recipients of each vaccine before and at 30-days postvaccination were assessed for antibodies to egg-propagated vaccine strains by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and to cell-propagated A/Hong Kong/4801/2014(H3N2) virus by microneutralization (MN). Influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were assessed in 20 participants per group.

resultsMean fold rises (MFR) in HAI titers to egg-propagated A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) and the MFR in MN to cell-propagated A(H3N2) were statistically significantly higher in the enhanced vaccine groups, compared to the standard-dose vaccine. The MFR in MN to cell-propagated A(H3N2) was highest among rHA recipients (4.7), followed by high-dose (3.4) and MF59-adjuvanted (2.9) recipients, compared to standard-dose recipients (2.3). Similarly, the ratio of postvaccination MN titers among rHA recipients to cell-propagated A(H3N2) recipients was 2.57-fold higher than the standard-dose vaccine, which was statistically higher than the high-dose (1.33-fold) and MF59-adjuvanted (1.43-fold) recipient ratios. Enhanced vaccines also resulted in the boosting of T-cell responses.

conclusionsIn this head-to-head comparison, older adults receiving enhanced vaccines showed improved humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, compared to standard-dose vaccine recipients. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT03330132.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, ViralHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeSqualeneAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, ViralInfluenza VaccinesSqualeneinfluenzapublic healthvaccination

Identifiers

PMID31828291
PMCPMC7289658
OpenAlexW2994612945

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.