Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31827766›Full record

ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2019

Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part I: incident and episodic back pain.

Amber M Beynon, Jeffrey J Hebert, Charlotte Lebouef-Yde, Bruce F Walker

Open access · goldAbstract readScoping Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation in Postural Changes and Postural Stability in Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among General and Technical Secondary School Students in Egypt.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Amber M Beynon1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1302-4429
Jeffrey J Hebert1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 Australia.
Charlotte Lebouef-Yde1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 Australia.
Bruce F Walker1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 Australia.
Murdoch University · AUUniversity of New Brunswick · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The one-month prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents has been reported at 33, 28 and 48% at ages 9, 13 and 15 respectively. There are many suspected risk factors and triggers of back pain in young people. Objective: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify potential risk factors and potential triggers for back pain in young people. The purpose of part I was to identify potential risk factors for incident and episodic back pain in young people. Part II included all eligible studies with unclear or mixed types of back pain. Methods: Due to the vast number of studies on "risk factors" for back pain, a two-part scoping review of the literature was chosen as the best way to summarise the evidence. We adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guideline for scoping reviews. General potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults (≤ 24 years) were included, incorporating physical, environmental, and/or physiological factors. A search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases from inception to September 2018, limited to the English language. Within part I, and because of their importance, only the results of the studies that investigated risk factors of incident back pain and back pain episodes are presented. Results: The search identified 7356 articles, of which 91 articles were eligible for this scoping review. The majority of the eligible articles had an unclear definition of back pain (results presented in scoping review part II). There were 7 inception cohort studies included and 1 cohort study that met the criteria for part I. The most consistent risk factors for incident and episodic back pain are female sex and older age. Conclusion: Due to inconsistent ways of reporting on the type of back pain, no definitive risk factor for back pain has been identified. In general, females often report more symptoms, also for other diseases, and older age is not a useful risk factor as it merely indicates that the onset may not be in childhood. Clearly, the time has come to study the causes of back pain from different angles.

Indexed as

Back PainChild HealthCohort StudiesHumansPrecipitating FactorsRisk FactorsYoung AdultAdolescent“Back pain”Children“Risk factors”Scoping reviewYoung adult

Identifiers

PMID31827766
PMCPMC6862727
OpenAlexW2989666450

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.