ArticleNature communications2019
Trained immunity modulates inflammation-induced fibrosis.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relation between the gut microbiome and osteoarthritis: A systematic review of literature.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Innate Immune Memory Responses in Organ Transplantation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Engineered Xenogeneic Bone Scaffold with IL-10 Nanodelivery System: Immunomodulation and BMSC Fate Programming for Skull Defect Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Epigenetic reprogramming by BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination: A novel strategy to reverse immunodeficiency in chronic kidney disease.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis: Interplay Between Host Antituberculosis Immunity and Immune Evasion Strategies ofMedComm · 2026Review
- The gut-bone-inflammation axis: intestinal barrier disruption as a central driver of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The role of HIF-1α in innate immune mechanisms and autoimmunity: A double-edged sword.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- IFN-γ-induced trained immunity enhances killing of priority pathogens in healthy and genetically vulnerable individuals.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Trained immunity: new paradigm in the immunological memory of cardiovascular disease.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Paclitaxel induces trained immunity via the GPR183-STING axis to enhance host defense against MRSA infection.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in chronic rhinosinusitis: epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune memory as a driver of mucosal inflammation and recurrence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interactions between Innate Immune Memory and the Central Nervous System.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Agent-specific training directs distinctive immune response againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammatory memory as a potential driver of rosacea pathogenesis: integrating mechanisms of chronic relapse and perspectives on disease modification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity Exacerbates Inflammatory Arthritis Progression via Promoting Synovial Fibroblast Ferroptotic Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Protection acquired upon intraperitoneal group aVirulence · 2025Article
- Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis can result from inappropriately activated immune responses that are mediated by macrophages. Macrophages can acquire memory-like characteristics in response to antigen exposure. Here, we show the effect of BCG or low-dose LPS stimulation on macrophage phenotype, cytokine production, chromatin and metabolic modifications. Low-dose LPS training alleviates fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of systemic sclerosis (SSc), whereas BCG-training exacerbates disease in this model. Adoptive transfer of low-dose LPS-trained or BCG-trained macrophages also has beneficial or harmful effects, respectively. Furthermore, coculture with low-dose LPS trained macrophages reduces the fibro-inflammatory profile of fibroblasts from mice and patients with SSc, indicating that trained immunity might be a phenomenon that can be targeted to treat SSc and other autoimmune and inflammatory fibrotic disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.