ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Intake of vitamin D and calcium, sun exposure, and risk of breast cancer subtypes among black women.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutritional Formulation for Patients with Angelman Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Exogenous Ketones.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Lifestyle patterns and sleep disturbance among Black breast cancer survivors: results from the Women's Circle of Health Follow-Up Study.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed foods consumption and subsequent mortality in a cohort of Black breast cancer survivors.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Influence of Vitamin D and Its Analogues in Type-B Lymphomas.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vitamin D and Its Dietary Supplementation in Breast Cancer Prevention: An Integrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- PRIMA-1ACS omega · 2023Article
- Updates on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: From Risk Factors to Diagnosis, Biomarkers and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association Between Recreational Physical Activity and mTOR Signaling Pathway Protein Expression in Breast Tumor Tissue.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Study on the correlation between B vitamins and breast cancer.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Vitamin D, Th17 Lymphocytes, and Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- Sun Exposure Is Associated with Reduced Breast Cancer Risk among Women Living in the Caribbean: The Atabey Study in Puerto Rico.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Residential ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort.Environment international · 2022Article
- Vitamin D Supplement Use and Risk of Breast Cancer by Race-Ethnicity.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Dietary Vitamin A and Breast Cancer Risk in Black Women: The African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities?Nutrients · 2021Review
- Neighborhood Social Environmental Factors and Breast Cancer Subtypes among Black Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Vitamin D in Triple-Negative and BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer-Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe randomized placebo-controlled Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial suggested a possible benefit of vitamin D on cancer incidence among black individuals. However, data are limited regarding the impact of vitamin D on breast cancer subtypes among African-American/black women, who tend to develop more aggressive forms of breast cancer.
objectivesWe hypothesize that more vitamin D exposure (through diet, supplements, and sunlight) and higher intake of calcium are associated with decreased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)+ and ER- breast cancer, and of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) among black women.
methodsThis study was conducted among 1724 black cases and 1233 controls in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS) and WCHS2. Polytomous logistic regressions were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of ER+ and ER- breast cancer; logistic regressions were used for TNBC. The ORs from each study were pooled using an inverse-variance-weighted random-effects model.
resultsDietary vitamin D and calcium intake were not associated with risk of breast cancer subtypes in the pooled analysis. For supplemental vitamin D, we observed possible inverse associations between intake of ≤800 IU/d (compared with nonuse) and risk of several subtypes, with effects that appeared strongest for TNBC (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94); no association was found for >800 IU/d. More daylight hours spent outdoors in a year was associated with lower risk of ER+, ER-, and TNBC (e.g., highest compared with lowest quartile: TNBC OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.91; P-trend = 0.02).
conclusionsModerate supplemental vitamin D intake was associated with decreased risk of TNBC, and increased sun exposure was associated with reduced risk of ER+, ER-, and TNBC among black women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.