Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31824737›Full record

ArticleJournal of systems and integrative neuroscience2019

Death by Opioids: Are there non-addictive scientific solutions?

B William Downs, Kenneth Blum, David Baron, Abdalla Bowirrat, Lisa Lott, Raymond Brewer, Brent Boyett, David Siwicki, A Kenison Roy, Arwen Podesta and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy (DHTActa scientific neurology · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Futuristic Exploration of Addiction Neuroscience in the Genomic Era.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

B William DownsDepartment of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Lederach, PA, USA.
Kenneth BlumDepartment of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Lederach, PA, USA.
David BaronWestern University, Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
Abdalla BowirratDepartment of Neuroscience and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel.
Lisa LottDivision of Precision Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA.
Raymond BrewerDivision of Precision Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA.
Brent BoyettDivision of Neuroscience and Addiction Research, Pathway Healthcare, Birmingham, AL, USA.
David SiwickiDivision of Precision Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA.
A Kenison RoyDepartment of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Arwen PodestaDepartment of Psychiatry, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Sampada BadgaiyanDivision of Precision Nutrigenomics, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX, USA.
Raju HajelaDepartment of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada.
Lyle FriedTransformations Treatment Center, Delray Beach, FL, USA.
Rajendra D BadgaiyanDepartment of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Funding

Dopamine Neurotransmission in Tourette SyndromeR01NS073884 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2012 to 2016
$2.2M
A Systematic Medical Approach to Reward Transformation (SMART) for Brain Health in Opioid Use DisorderR41MD012318 · NIMHD · VERSA INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS, INC. · PI BLUM, KENNETH, GONDRE-LEWIS, MARJORIE C · 2017 to 2017
$221k
Dopamine Neurotransmission in AddictionI01CX000479 · VA · VA WESTERN NEW YORK HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI BADGAIYAN, RAJENDRA D · 2013 to 2014
–
CSRD VA I01 CX000479NIMHD NIH HHS R41 MD012318NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS073884
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the face of the current Opioid crisis in America killing close to 800,000 people since 2004, we are proposing a novel approach to assist in at least attenuating these unwanted premature deaths. While we applaud the wonderful efforts of our governmental institutes and professional societies (NIDA, NIAAA, ASAM, ABAM ) in their extraordinary efforts in combating this continued dilemma, the current approach is failing, and other alternative approaches should at least be tested. These truths present a serious ethical dilemma to scientists, clinicians and counselors in the Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) treatment community. It is important to realize that the current DSM-5 does not actually accurately display the natural brain reward process. The human brain has not been designed to carve out specific drugs like opioids, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, benzodiazepines or cannabis and process addictions such as gambling as distinct endophenotypes. This is true in spite of natural ligands for cannabinoids, endorphins, or even benzodiazepines. The most accurate endophenotype is indeed reward dysfunction (e.g hypodopaminergic or hyperdopaminergic). With this mind, we are hereby proposing that the current Medication Assisted Treatment (i.e. 'MAT') expands to needed individuals as an initial "Band-Aid" to reduce harm avoidance, with the long-term goal of prophylaxis. So, to be clear, there may be other promising modalities other than MAT such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), exercise and even new medications with positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors, as well as the highly researched Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) coupled with precision KB220Z. This will induce "dopamine homeostasis" to effectively rebalance and restore healthier brain function by promoting the cross talk between various brain regions (e.g. Nucleus accumbens, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus etc.) resulting in dopamine homeostasis. Our laudable goal is to not only save lives, but to redeem joy and improve the quality of life in the recovery community through scientifically sound natural non-addicting alternatives.

Indexed as

american opioid crisisdopamine homeostasisgenetic addiction risk score(gars)hyperdopaminergiahypodopaminergiapro-dopamine regulation

Identifiers

PMID31824737
PMCPMC6904107

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.