ArticleBMC public health2019
Explaining the determinants of hookah consumption among women in southern Iran: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Using intervention mapping for hookah smoking cessation: a quasi-experimental evaluation.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess women's hookah smoking: insights from a multi-stage study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A qualitative exploration of experts' views about multi-dimensional aspects of hookah smoking control in Iran.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Assessing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in relation to Hookah smoking: Evidence from a cohort study in Southern Iran.Health science reports · 2024Article
- The effectiveness of a theory -based health education program on waterpipe smoking cessation in Iran: one year follow-up of a quasi-experimental research.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Tobacco consumption patterns among Iranian adults: a national and sub-national update from the STEPS survey 2021.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A predictive model of waterpipe smoking cessation among women in southern Iran: application of the theory of planned behavior.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Aspects associated with waterpipe smoking in Iranian youths: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of hookah consumption has been on the increase in Iran over the past two decades. This rate is higher among women than men in the south of Iran than other geographical areas. The purpose of this study was to explain the determinants of hookah consumption among indigenous women of Bandar Abbas city, southern Iran.
methodsThis is the first qualitative study with the conventional content analysis approach that has examined the factors affecting the consumption of hookah at all ecological levels in 2018-2019. Participants, with a maximum variation in terms of age, education, occupation, hookah consumption and geographical areas of the city, were selected purposefully to take part in a semi-structured interview. The data were recorded, typed and analyzed according to the framework of the ecological model of health promotion at five levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, social and political). The interview continued until data saturation. MAXQDA software version 10 was used for data management.
resultsInterviews were conducted with 56 participants (21 female hookah smokers, 15 female ex- smokers, and 20 experienced experts). A total of eight main categories were extracted from the data including; positive attitude towards hookah consumption, psychosocial needs, sensory charms of hookah, individual factors, family factors, cultural-environmental backgrounds, social-political backgrounds, and economic challenges.
conclusionsThe results indicated the extensive influence of internal and external factors on the consumption of hookah. In order to successfully reduce the consumption of hookah, it is essential to consider intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, social and political factors.
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