ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2020
Separate but Equal? The Sorting of USMDs and Non-USMDs in Internal Medicine Residency Programs.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Declining Performance on American Board of Emergency Medicine Written Examinations.AEM education and training · 2025Article
- Associations between Doximity internal medicine residency navigator reputation rank and publicly available metrics.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Guide to Understanding and Supporting International Medical Graduates in Hematology/Oncology by the ASCO International Medical Graduates Community of Practice.JCO oncology practice · 2025Article
- Relationship between individual and country-level socio-economic background, USMLE step scores, and demographics of international medical graduates and residency match results.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between Pharmacists' Country of Qualifying Education and Practising in a Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Ontario Study.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2023Article
- Reported Visa Acceptance or Sponsorship for Non-US Citizen Applicants to US Internal Medicine Residency Programs.Journal of graduate medical education · 2022Article
- Disaggregating inequalities in the career outcomes of international medical graduates in the United States.Sociology of health & illness · 2022Article
- Advancing diversity: the role of international medical graduates.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Article
- The Resurgence of Medical Education in Sociology: A Return to Our Roots and an Agenda for the Future.Journal of health and social behavior · 2021Article
- Normalized "medical inferiority bias" and cultural racism against international medical graduate physicians in academic medicine.Academic pathologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe US internal medicine workforce relies on international and osteopathic medical graduates to fill gaps in residency. Little is known about the distribution and impact of IMGs, DOs, and USMDs concentrating in different types of IM programs.
objectiveDetermining the extent to which USMDs, DOs, and IMGs concentrate in different types of IM programs and comparing Board pass rates by program concentration. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND
participantsThis survey study used data from the AMA's FREIDA database for 476 non-military IM programs in 2017-2018, and 2016-2018 ABIM exam pass rates for 388 accredited programs. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were (1) program concentration based on percentage of residents who were USMDs, IMGs, and DOs in 2017-2018 and (2) 2016-2018 program ABIM pass rates as proxies for program quality. Key independent variables were hospital type (community-based, community-based university-affiliated, or university-based) when program concentration was the outcome, and program concentration when Board pass rates were the outcome.
resultsTwenty-five percent of programs were "USMD-dominated," 17% were "DO-dominated," 42% were "IMG dominated," and 16% were "integrated." The chances that a university hospital was USMD-dominated were 32 percentage points higher than that for a community hospital (AME = 0.32, baseline probability = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.17-0.46, P < .001). USMD-dominated programs also had significantly higher pass rates by 4.0 percentage points (AME = 0.04, baseline proportion = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.02-0.06, P < .001) than integrated programs, while DO-dominated programs had significantly lower pass rates (AME = - 0.1, baseline proportion = 0.90, 95% CI, - 0.15 to - 0.04, P < .001).
conclusionUSMDs and non-USMDs systematically cluster in certain types of residency programs and their training may not be equal, as measured by board pass rates.
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