Observational studyWorld journal of surgery2020
Reoperation for Bleeding After Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management.
Observational study in World journal of surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2024 revised clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery.Endocrine journal · 2025Guideline
- Sutureless FOCUS harmonic scalpel versus clamp-and-tie techniques for thyroidectomy: a meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trials.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Guideline
- Effect of Remimazolam on Postoperative Cough in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Thyroidectomy: A Standardized Surgical Technique with a Hybrid Energy Device to Minimize the Risk of Post-Operative Hemorrhage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Postoperative Hemorrhage Following Thyroid Surgery: Results of a Case-Control Study and Development of a Stratified Risk Model Using Random Forest Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Optimising same day discharge hemithyroidectomy: defining outcomes, unplanned admissions and patient experience.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2026Article
- The impact of 4DryField PH on hemostasis and postoperative drain placement in thyroid surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical features and nursing strategies of reexploration for hematomas after thyroid surgery: insights from a 7-year single-center study in China.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Changes in thyroid surgery over last 25 years.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- [Multimorbid patients in endocrine surgery].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Redo Thyroidectomy: Updated Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Risk factors associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules in adults in Northeast China: a cross-sectional population-based study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Review
- Modern Surgical Techniques of Thyroidectomy and Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Perioperative Complications.Cancers · 2023Review
- Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria: an analysis of data from the EUROCRINE registry.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Article
- The safety, benefits and future development of overnight and outpatient thyroidectomy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Remimazolam Anesthesia for Thyroid Surgery.Case reports in anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism focusing on parathyroidectomy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBleeding after thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery is a life-threatening emergency. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of reoperation following bleeding, identify risk factors, assess management strategies and outcomes, and develop protocols to reduce risk and improve management of bleeding.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery over a 7-year period was conducted. A nested case-control design was used to evaluate specific factors and their association with reoperation for bleeding.
resultsOf 1913 patients, 25 (1.3%) underwent reoperation for bleeding. Of the 25 patients who bled, 6 (24%) required reoperation before leaving theatre; 17 (68%) had bleeding within 6 h, 1 (4%) between 6 and 24 h, and 1 (4%) after 24 h. Reoperation for bleeding was not associated with age, gender, or surgeon. Patients who had total thyroidectomy were more likely to have reoperation for bleeding compared to hemithyroidectomy (p = 0.045) or parathyroidectomy (p = 0.001). The following factors were not associated with bleeding: neck dissection, re-do surgery, drain use, blood-thinning medication or clotting disorders, and BMI. Patients who had reoperation for bleeding had longer hospital stay (p = 0.001), but similar rates of RLN palsy, wound infection, and hypoparathyroidism.
conclusionA higher risk profile for significant post-operative bleeding cannot be determined in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Based on this experience, we developed protocols to reduce the risk of bleeding (the ITSRED Fred protocol) and for the early detection and management of bleed (the SCOOP protocol) following thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.