Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31822663›Full record

ArticleNature communications2019

Bioinspired design of flexible armor based on chiton scales.

Matthew Connors, Ting Yang, Ahmed Hosny, Zhifei Deng, Fatemeh Yazdandoost, Hajar Massaadi, Douglas Eernisse, Reza Mirzaeifar, Mason N Dean, James C Weaver and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Mineralized sclerites in the gorgonian coralProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  6. Designing with Printed Responsive Biomaterials: A Review.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2025
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  7. Mechanics of Bio-Inspired Protective Scales.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Multiscale static and dynamic mechanical study of theJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. A Review of Image-Based Simulation Applications in High-Value Manufacturing.Archives of computational methods in engineering : state of the art reviews · 2023
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Matthew ConnorsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-8271
Ting YangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
Ahmed HosnyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-481X
Zhifei DengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
Fatemeh YazdandoostDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
Hajar MassaadiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
Douglas EernisseDepartment of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA.
Reza MirzaeifarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
Mason N DeanDepartment of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany.
James C WeaverWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Christine OrtizDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
Ling LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA. lingl@vt.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6741-9741
Virginia Tech · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USHarvard University · USCalifornia State University, Fullerton · USMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Man-made armors often rely on rigid structures for mechanical protection, which typically results in a trade-off with flexibility and maneuverability. Chitons, a group of marine mollusks, evolved scaled armors that address similar challenges. Many chiton species possess hundreds of small, mineralized scales arrayed on the soft girdle that surrounds their overlapping shell plates. Ensuring both flexibility for locomotion and protection of the underlying soft body, the scaled girdle is an excellent model for multifunctional armor design. Here we conduct a systematic study of the material composition, nanomechanical properties, three-dimensional geometry, and interspecific structural diversity of chiton girdle scales. Moreover, inspired by the tessellated organization of chiton scales, we fabricate a synthetic flexible scaled armor analogue using parametric computational modeling and multi-material 3D printing. This approach allows us to conduct a quantitative evaluation of our chiton-inspired armor to assess its orientation-dependent flexibility and protection capabilities.

Identifiers

PMID31822663
PMCPMC6904579
OpenAlexW2996085372

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.