Observational studyBMJ open2019
Analysis of caesarean section and neonatal outcome using the Robson classification in a rural district hospital in Tanzania: an observational retrospective study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Primary cesarean section in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Robson Ten-Group Classification System.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, indications, and complications of caesarean section in health facilities across Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2023Pooled it
- Caesarean section Robson classification, complications, and lessons learned in a rural hospital in Walikale, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of caesarean sections among women in selected health facilities in Njombe region, Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Developing and validating a risk prediction model for caesarean delivery in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Mandatory second opinion to reduce caesarean section rate among low-risk pregnant women at a private tertiary hospital, a pre and post intervention study: an analysis using WHO Robson classification.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Cesarean section in Suriname using robson classification: a two-year nationwide cross-sectional study on rates, risk factors and perinatal outcomes of cesarean section.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Observational
- Cross-sectional analysis of caesarean sections according to the Robson 10-group classification system in Somalia.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Assessing five-year trend and socio-demographic determinants of caesarean section delivery in Ghana.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Caesarean sections among east African refugees and their host population: a 20-year retrospective study in western Tanzania.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Caesarean section rates in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern Uganda: a retrospective analysis using the robson ten group classification system.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Article
- High Rates of Repeated Caesarean Section Deliveries and its Associated Maternal and Foetal Complications at A Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania.The East African health research journal · 2024Article
- Robson classification of caesarean births: implications for reducing caesarean section rate in a private tertiary hospital in Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Comparison of alternative gestational age assessment methods in a low resource setting: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Long-term effects of the nine-item list intervention on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in Robson group 1 - A time series study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2021Article
- Analysis of cesarean section rates using Robson ten group classification system in a tertiary teaching hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Article
- Utilizing the Robson 10-Group Classification System as an Audit Tool in Assessing the Soaring Caesarean Section Rates in Ibadan, Nigeria.Journal of the West African College of SurgeonsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCaesarean section (CS) rates have increased worldwide in recent decades. In 2015, the WHO proposed the use of the 10-group Robson classification as a global standard for assessing, monitoring and comparing CS rates both within healthcare facilities over time and between them. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of CS rates according to the Robson classification and describe maternal and perinatal outcomes by group at the Tosamaganga Hospital in rural Tanzania.
designObservational retrospective study.
settingSt. John of the Cross Tosamaganga Hospital, a referral centre in rural Tanzania.
participants3012 women who gave birth in Tosamaganga Hospital from 1 January to 30 June 2014 and from 1 March to 30 November 2015.
resultsThe overall CS rate was 35.2%, and about 90% of women admitted for labour were in Robson groups 1 through 5. More than 40% of the CS carried out in the hospital were performed on nulliparous women at term with a single fetus in cephalic presentation (groups 1 and 3), and the most frequent indication for the procedure was previous uterine scar (39.2%). The majority of severe neonatal outcomes were observed in groups 1 (27.7%), 10 (24.5%) and 3 (19.1%).
conclusionWe recorded a high CS rate in Tosamaganga Hospital, particularly in low-risk patients groups (Robson groups 1 and 3). Our analysis of Robson classification and neonatal outcomes suggests the need to improve labour management at the hospital and to provide timely referrals in order to prevent women from arriving there in critical conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.