ArticleAIDS (London, England)2020
Viral suppression and factors associated with failure to achieve viral suppression among pregnant women in South Africa.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Money, Medicine, and Motherhood: Developing a Cash Transfer for Pregnant Women with HIV in Rural Haiti.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Streamlining Stigma Measurement: Validation and Abridgment of the HIV Stigma Scale for Pregnant Women Living with HIV in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and its association with paediatric HIV infections in the Dolutegravir era in Uganda.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Observational
- Managers perspectives on the implementation of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission policy in South Africa.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Novel Risk Calculator to Predict Sub-optimal HIV Outcomes Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The peripartum viral load cascade and outcomes of infants exposed to HIV in Lesotho.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Contributory factors to partial implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission policy in South Africa.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- PrEP Awareness and Coverage: Results from the 2022 South Africa Antenatal HIV Sentinel Survey.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Opportunities to Optimize Outcomes of Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV and Syphilis in Pregnancy: the Quest to Eliminate Maternal and Vertical Transmission.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) viral load suppression status and associated factors among pregnant women receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Ethiopia.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Viral load dynamics among adults receiving HIV care in rural North-Eastern South Africa, 2015-2020: insights from a population-based record linkage study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Factors affecting viral suppression or rebound in people living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ghana.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Enhancing Public Health Strategies to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Insights from a Cohort Study in Iran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- Factors associated with viral load suppression in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Rwanda: an open-observational cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Adherence, perceptions and knowledge of an HIV PMTCT programme: A mother-baby pair study.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among adolescent girls and young women in the early postpartum period: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Support, not blame: safe partner disclosure among women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy in South Africa and Uganda.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe viral load levels among pregnant women and factors associated with failure to achieve viral suppression (viral load ≤50 copies/ml) during pregnancy.
designBetween 1 October and 15 November 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 15-49-year-old pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at 1595 nationally representative public facilities.
methodsBlood specimens were taken from each pregnant woman and tested for HIV. Viral load testing was done on all HIV-positive specimens. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records or self-reported. Survey logistic regression examined factors associated with failure to achieve viral suppression.
resultOf 10 052 HIV-positive participants with viral load data, 56.2% were virally suppressed. Participants initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) prior to pregnancy had higher viral suppression (71.0%) by their third trimester compared with participants initiating ART during pregnancy (59.3%). Booking for ANC during the third trimester vs. earlier: [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.4-2.3], low frequency of ANC visits (AOR for 2 ANC visits vs. ≥4 ANC visits: 2.0, 95% CI:1.7-2.4), delayed initiation of ART (AOR for ART initiated at the second trimester vs. before pregnancy:2.2, 95% CI:1.8-2.7), and younger age (AOR for 15-24 vs. 35-49 years: 1.4, 95% CI:1.2-1.8) were associated with failure to achieve viral suppression during the third trimester.
conclusionFailure to achieve viral suppression was primarily associated with late ANC booking and late initiation of ART. Efforts to improve early ANC booking and early ART initiation in the general population would help improve viral suppression rates among pregnant women. In addition, the study found, despite initiating ART prior to pregnancy, more than one quarter of participants did not achieve viral suppression in their third trimester. This highlights the need to closely monitor viral load and strengthen counselling and support services for ART adherence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.