Observational studyJournal of general internal medicine2020
Association of Opioid Overdose Risk Factors and Naloxone Prescribing in US Adults.
Observational study in Journal of general internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Clinical Pharmacy Team Intervention on Naloxone Fills in Patients on ChroCnic Opioid Therapy.The Permanente journal · 2025Article
- Preferences and predictors driving opioid-involved polysubstance use profiles and trajectories: a prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Interactions with Opioids: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- People entering opioid substance use treatment have low rates of naloxone knowledge and possession.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Naloxone Prescribing Among Long-Term Opioid-Prescribed Patients: Disparities and Opportunities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Iterative Development of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Enhance Naloxone Coprescribing.Applied clinical informatics · 2025Article
- Clinical Decision Support to Increase Emergency Department Naloxone Coprescribing: Implementation Report.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Perioperative Opioid-Related Harms: Opportunities to Minimize Risk.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2024Review
- Impact of 30-day prescribed opioid dose trajectory on fatal overdose risk: A population-based, statewide cohort study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Preoperative risk evaluation and perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a narrative review.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluation of a large-scale health department naloxone distribution program: Per capita naloxone distribution and overdose morality.PloS one · 2023Article
- Opioid-induced respiratory depression and risk factors in a tertiary hospital: A retrospective study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2022Article
- Naloxone administration among opioid-involved overdose deaths in 38 United States jurisdictions in the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System, 2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Opioid and Naloxone Prescribing Following Insertion of Prompts in the Electronic Health Record to Encourage Compliance With California State Opioid Law.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Perioperative Opioids, the Opioid Crisis, and the Anesthesiologist.Anesthesiology · 2022Article
- Associations between naloxone prescribing and opioid overdose among patients with acute and chronic pain conditions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Opioids and obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Review
- Naloxone prescriptions following emergency department encounters for opioid use disorder, overdose, or withdrawal.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Prescribing Naloxone to High-Risk Patients in the Emergency Department: Is it Enough?Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2021Article
- Increasing Naloxone Prescribing in the Emergency Department Through Education and Electronic Medical Record Work-Aids.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrescribing naloxone to patients is a key strategy to prevent opioid overdoses, but little is known about the reach of naloxone prescribing.
objectiveDetermine patient factors associated with receiving naloxone and trends over time in patients with key overdose risk factors.
designRetrospective observational study.
participantsUsing the Clinformatics DataMart, a US-wide health insurance claims dataset, we compared adults who received opioids and naloxone (opioid+naloxone) from January 2014 to June 2017 with adults who received opioids without naloxone (opioids only), matched on gender, age ± 5 years, month/year of opioid fill, and number of opioid claims. MAIN MEASURES: Key patient-level opioid overdose risk factors included receipt of high-dosage opioids, concurrent benzodiazepines, history of opioid and other substance use disorders, and history of opioid overdose.
resultsWe included 3963 opioid+naloxone and 19,815 opioid only patients. Key factors associated with naloxone fills included high opioid daily dosage (50 to < 90 morphine milligram equivalents (MME): AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 2.15-2.76 and ≥ 90 MME: AOR = 3.94, 95% CI 3.47-4.46; reference: < 50 MME), receiving concurrent benzodiazepines (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.16-1.38), and having a diagnosis of opioid use disorder (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.40-1.73). History of opioid overdose was not associated with naloxone (AOR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.74-1.15). The percent of patients receiving naloxone increased, yet less than 2% of patients in any of the key overdose risk factor groups received naloxone by the last 6 months of the study period.
conclusionsNaloxone prescribing has increased and was more likely to be co-prescribed to patients with some risk factors for overdose. However, overall prescribing remains minimal. Additional efforts are needed across health systems to increase naloxone prescribing for patients at risk for opioid overdose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.