ReviewCurrent diabetes reports2019
What the HLA-I!-Classical and Non-classical HLA Class I and Their Potential Roles in Type 1 Diabetes.
Review in Current diabetes reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between human leukocyte antigen E expression and outcomes in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Differential immune- and apoptosis-related gene signatures in pancreatic alpha and beta cells contribute to their fate in type 1 diabetes.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- From bats to humans: uncoveringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Small things matter: Lack of extraislet β cells in type 1 diabetes.Science advances · 2025Article
- A machine learning-based method to optimize the immunogenicity of human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted neoantigens.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Blood methylome signatures in children exposed to maternal type 1 diabetes are linked to protection against islet autoimmunity.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- consHLA: a next generation sequencing consensus-based HLA typing workflow.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The Future of TCR-like Antibodies in Diagnosis and Potential Application Targets.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Association of the Immunity Genes with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Targeting of Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigens as Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Uncovering strain- and age-dependent innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in air-liquid-interface cultured nasal epithelia.iScience · 2024Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Based Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); Current Progress and Future Approaches.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Review
- Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: lessons from an enigmatic lesion.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Immunogenicity of Ovarian Tumors as the Crucial Catalyst for Therapeutic Success.Cancers · 2023Review
- Emerging therapeutic options in the management of diabetes: recent trends, challenges and future directions.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Review
- DeepHLAPred: a deep learning-based method for non-classical HLA binder prediction.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Islet cells in human type 1 diabetes: from recent advances to novel therapies - a symposium-based roadmap for future research.The Journal of endocrinology · 2023Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: Inflammatory and Neuroglial Aspects.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- The role of the interferon/JAK-STAT axis in driving islet HLA-I hyperexpression in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewHyperexpression of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules in insulin-containing islets has become a widely accepted hallmark of type 1 diabetes pathology. In comparison, relatively little is known about the expression, function and role of non-classical subtypes of HLA-I. This review focuses on the current understanding of the non-classical HLA-I subtypes: HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G, within and outside the field of type 1 diabetes, and considers the possible impacts of these molecules on disease etiology. RECENT
findingsEvidence is growing to suggest that non-classical HLA-I proteins are upregulated, both at the RNA and protein levels in the pancreas of individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Moreover, associations between non-classical HLA-I genotypes and age at onset of type 1 diabetes have been reported in some studies. As with classical HLA-I, it is likely that hyperexpression of non-classical HLA-I is driven by the release of diffusible interferons by stressed β cells (potentially driven by viral infection) and exacerbated by release of cytokines from infiltrating immune cells. Non-classical HLA-I proteins predominantly (but not exclusively) transduce negative signals to immune cells infiltrating at the site of injury/inflammation. We propose a model in which the islet endocrine cells, through expression of non-classical HLA-I are fighting back against the infiltrating immune cells. By inhibiting the activity and function on NK, B and select T cells, the non-classical HLA-I, proteins will reduce the non-specific bystander effects of inflammation, while at the same time still allowing the targeted destruction of β cells by specific islet-reactive CD8+ T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.