ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2019
Ethosomal Gel for Improving Transdermal Delivery of Thymosin β-4.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- PEGylated thymosin β4 is a thiol-site-specific prodrug treating myocardial infarction in vivo.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Ultradeformable Vesicles for Wound Healing: Ethosomes, Transferosomes, and Transethosomes in Topical Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Low-Temperature Fabrication of Thymosin β4-Loaded Soluble Microneedles to Promote Wound Healing by Specific Binding to Downregulated Immune Regulators Vsig4 and IL22rɑ2.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Tuning mechanical softness as a design principle in drug delivery: A biomechanical perspective.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Ethosomal Nanocarriers for Hydrophilic Peptide Encapsulation: Formulation Optimization, Stability, and In Vitro Release Performance.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Triblock Polyampholyte-Based Nanovesicles for Targeted Spleen Delivery.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Liposome-based drug delivery systems for skin wound healing: a promising drug delivery strategy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Chlorin e6-loaded ethosomes for photodynamic wound therapy.Biomaterials translational · 2026Article
- Can breakthroughs in dermal and transdermal macromolecule delivery surmount existing barriers and revolutionize future therapeutics?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Deep-insights: Nanoengineered gel-based localized drug delivery for arthritis management.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Formulation and Characterization of Ethosomes for Transdermal Delivery of Prinsepia Utilis Rogle Seed Oil with Ameliorative Effects against UVB-Induced Skin Damage.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Article
- Designing Composite Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Wound Healing Applications: The State-of-the-Art and Recent Discoveries.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Nanosuspension-Loaded Dissolving Microneedle Patches for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of a Highly Lipophilic Cannabidiol.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Rheological and Viscoelastic Analysis of Hybrid Formulations for Topical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Quality by Design Assisted Optimization and Risk Assessment of Black Cohosh Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Menopause: Investigating Different Formulation and Process Variables.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Production of Minor Ginsenoside CK from Major Ginsenosides by Biotransformation and Its Advances in Targeted Delivery to Tumor Tissues Using Nanoformulations.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Recombinant DTβ4-inspired porous 3D vascular graft enhanced antithrombogenicity and recruited circulating CD93Science advances · 2022Article
- Fabrication of Ethosomes Containing Tocopherol Acetate to Enhance Transdermal Permeation: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterizations.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Vesicular Nanocarriers for Phytocompounds in Wound Care: Preparation and Characterization.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThymosin β-4(Tβ-4) is a macromolecular protein drug with potential for drug development in wound repair but is limited by the shortcomings of macromolecular protein, such as large volumes, poor membrane permeability, and unstable physicochemical characteristics. Ethosomes could enhance cell membrane fluidity and reduce epidermal membrane density to make macromolecular drugs through the stratum corneum into the deeper layers of the skin easily. Herein, we developed and characterized a novel transdermal delivery vehicle to load macromolecular protein peptides and use Tβ-4 as a model drug wrapped into ethosomes.
methodsWe used the orthogonal method to optimize the formulation of the ethosome preparation prepared by the ethonal infusion method. Ethosomal gels were characterized by using different analytical methods. Transdermal release rate in vitro have been demonstrated in Franz diffusion cells and the efficacy of drug-loaded nanocarriers in vivo was investigated in a mouse model.
resultsOptimized Tβ-4 ethosomal gels have good physicochemical properties. The drug amounts of the cumulative release in the ethosomal gel within 5 hours were 1.67 times that of the T-β4 gel in vitro release study, and the wound healing time of ethosomal gel group was only half of the T-β4 gel group in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Compared with the free drug group, the ethosome preparation not only promotes the percutaneous absorption process of the macromolecular protein drugs but also shortened wound recovery time.
conclusionHence, we provide a possible good design for ethosomal gel system that can load macromolecular protein peptide drugs to achieve transdermal drug administration, promoting the percutaneous absorption of the drug and improving the effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.