ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2019
The Optimization Design Of Lactoferrin Loaded HupA Nanoemulsion For Targeted Drug Transport Via Intranasal Route.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Intranasal Administration for Brain-Targeting Delivery: A Comprehensive Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles and Stimuli-Responsive Gel Formulations.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Fluorescence bioimaging of drug nanocarriers based on Förster resonance energy transfer, aggregation-induced emission and aggregation-caused quenching.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles in the treatment of alzheimer's disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Advances in Nose-to-Brain Delivery Systems for Effective Alzheimer's Disease Management.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Targeted delivery of PTX by lactoferrin-modified nanoemulsions for the treatment of glioblastoma.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Engineered nanoplatforms for brain-targeted co-delivery of phytochemicals in Alzheimer's disease: Rational design, blood-brain barrier penetration, and multi-target therapeutic synergy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Drug Formulations for Enhancing Nose-to-Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery Technology in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases: Challenges, Advances, and Future Research Directions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Application of Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Intranasal Administration: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Advancements in Nanoemulsion-Based Drug Delivery Across Different Administration Routes.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Development of Brain Permeable Drugs and Novel Strategies to Overcome the Brain Barriers for Treatment Purposes.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- To Explore Nasal-Brain Lymphatic System for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- A Novel Tetrahydroacridine Derivative with Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties and Dissociative Capability against Aβ42 Fibrils Confirmed by In Vitro Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An Overview on the Physiopathology of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Alzheimer's Disease: Befriending the Barriers.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Navigating the Nose-to-Brain Route: A Systematic Review on Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Central Nervous System Disorders.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Targeted Delivery of Macrophage Membrane Biomimetic Liposomes Through Intranasal Administration for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases is a problem, but lipid nanocarriers could provide the answer.Nanotheranostics · 2024Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Single and Multitarget Systems for Drug Delivery and Detection: Up-to-Date Strategies for Brain Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuperzine A (HupA) is a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease. The existing dosage of HupA lacks brain selectivity and can cause serious side effects in the gastrointestinal and peripheral cholinergic systems. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a HupA nanoemulsion (NE) and a targeted HupA-NE modified with lactoferrin (Lf) for intranasal administration.
methodsThe NE was formulated using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and optimized with response surface methodology. Particle size distribution and zeta potential were evaluated, and transmission electron microscopy was performed. We investigated the transport mechanisms of HupA-NEs into hCMEC/D3 cells, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. HupA-NE, Lf-HupA-NE, and HupA solution were intranasally administered to rats to investigate the brain-targeting effects of these formulations. A drug targeting index (DTI) was calculated to determine brain-targeting efficiency.
resultsOptimized HupA-NE had a particle size of 15.24±0.67 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.128±0.025, and zeta potential of -4.48±0.97 mV. The composition of the optimized HupA-NE was 3.00% isopropyl myristate (IPM), 3.81% Capryol 90, and 40% Cremophor EL + Labrasol. NEs, particularly Lf-HupA-NE, were taken up into hCMEC/D3 cells to a greater extent than pure drug alone. Western blot analysis showed that hCMEC/D3 cells contained P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) transporters. The likely mechanisms resulting in higher NE transport to the brain were uptake by specific transporters and transcytosis. In vivo, intranasal Lf-HupA-NE significantly enhanced drug delivery to the brain compared to HupA-NE, which was confirmed by differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. The DTI of Lf-HupA-NE (3.2±0.75) demonstrated brain targeting, and the area under the curve for Lf-HupA-NE was significantly higher than that for HupA-NE.
conclusionLf-HupA-NE is a promising nasal drug delivery carrier for facilitating delivery of HupA to the central nervous system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.