ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2020
Community Treatment Order Outcomes in Quebec: A Unique Jurisdiction.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ensuring compulsory treatment is used as a last resort: a narrative review of the knowledge about Community Treatment Orders.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026Article
- Text mining of outpatient narrative notes to predict the risk of psychiatric hospitalization.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- A hybrid fuzzy logic-Random Forest model to predict psychiatric treatment order outcomes: an interpretable tool for legal decision support.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Exploring Social Interactions in the Context of Justice System Involvement: Perspectives of Patients and Psychiatric Nurses.Clinical nursing research · 2024Article
- Community Treatment Orders use Among Persons With a First Episode of Psychosis in Quebec.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Care Pathways, Health Service Use Patterns and Opportunities for Justice Involvement Prevention Among Forensic Mental Health Clients.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2022Article
- Protecting Health and Safety with Needed-Treatment: the Effectiveness of Outpatient Commitment.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2022Review
- Use of compulsory community treatment in mental healthcare: An integrative review of stakeholders' opinions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Hospital Utilization Outcomes Following Assignment to Outpatient Commitment.Administration and policy in mental health · 2021Review
- The utility of outpatient civil commitment: Investigating the evidence.International journal of law and psychiatryReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe study compulsory community treatment orders (CTOs) for patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). Focusing on a unique jurisdiction in Canada that allows for long duration CTOs with strict enforcement procedures, our objectives are to determine whether extended duration CTOs are effective and to determine whether associated hospitalization costs are reduced.
methodA mirror image, naturalistic design was employed using patients as their own controls to enhance external validity. No inclusive or exclusive criteria were employed for the 367 SPMI clinic patients who were studied over a 5-year period. Detailed documentation of the dates of all CTOs, long-acting antipsychotic injections (LAIs), emergency visits, hospitalizations, duration of hospitalizations, crimes and/or police involvement were collected. To study the relation between CTO and injection adherence, we use a mixed-effect linear regression model. To study the effect of injection adherence and hospitalization, we use survival analysis via Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival models.
resultsCTO and non-CTO patients did not differ with respect to demographics, but CTO patients were significantly more severely ill. Following a CTO, adherence to LAIs increased over time (
conclusionsLAI adherence and outpatient office visits were enhanced by extended duration CTOs, as was time out of the hospital. The shorter duration of hospital stays implies cost savings. These must be weighed against their undesirable coercive nature.
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Registered trials
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