Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31818035›Full record

ArticleNutrients2019

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Associated Factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) Countries.

Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Osuagwu Levi Uchechukwu, Garry John Stevens, Wadad Kathy Tannous, Catharine Fleming, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Global Maternal And Child Health Research Collaboration GloMACH

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Breastfeeding in the Community-How Can Partners/Fathers Help? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Exploring exclusive breastfeeding readiness: experiences of first-time mothers in Lusaka, Zambia.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Childhood Morbidity: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  17. Between and Within-Country Variations in Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in South Asia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  18. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of men in a South African rural community in relation to exclusive breastfeeding.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Kingsley Emwinyore AghoSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.
Osita Kingsley EzehSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2839-2056
Pramesh Raj GhimireSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7902-7294
Osuagwu Levi UchechukwuDiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1727-6914
Garry John StevensHumanitarian and Development Research Initiative (HADRI), School of Social sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Wadad Kathy TannousTranslational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3153-5652
Catharine FlemingSchool of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9630-1064
Felix Akpojene OgboTranslational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5159-2315
Global Maternal And Child Health Research Collaboration GloMACH
Western Sydney University · AUCamden and Campbelltown Hospitals · AUBenue State University · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has important protective effects on child survival and also increases the growth and development of infants. This paper examined EBF rates and associated factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) countries. A weighted sample of 19,735 infants from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in ECOWAS countries for the period of 2010-2018 was used. Survey logistic regression analyses that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights were used to determine the factors associated with EBF. In ECOWAS countries, EBF rates for infants 6 months or younger ranged from 13.0% in Côte d'Ivoire to 58.0% in Togo. EBF decreased significantly by 33% as the infant age (in months) increased. Multivariate analyses revealed that mothers with at least primary education, older mothers (35-49 years), and those who lived in rural areas were significantly more likely to engage in EBF. Mothers who made four or more antenatal visits (ANC) were significantly more likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies compared to those who had no ANC visits. Our study shows that EBF rates are still suboptimal in most ECOWAS countries. EBF policy interventions in ECOWAS countries should target mothers with no schooling and those who do not attend ANC. Higher rates of EBF are likely to decrease the burden of infant morbidity and mortality in ECOWAS countries due to non-exposure to contaminated water or other liquids.

Indexed as

DemographyAdolescentAdultAfrica, WesternBreast FeedingChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMass MediaMiddle AgedPatient Acceptance of Health CareAfricaantenatal carebreastfeedingECOWASinfantsmortality

Identifiers

PMID31818035
PMCPMC6950341
OpenAlexW2993446049

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.