ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Containing Xenobiotic Metabolizing CYP Enzymes and Their Potential Roles in Extrahepatic Cells Via Cell-Cell Interactions.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The biology, function, and applications of exosomes as novel biomarkers forFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Development and Application of a CAFLUX HepG2 Reporter Cell Line for Real-Time Monitoring of AhR-Mediated CYP1A1 Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Toxicants and Bioactive Modulators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Multidimensional insights into exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: from genesis to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Role of Redox Homeostasis in the Communication Between Brain and Liver Through Extracellular Vesicles.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Establishing the capacity to monitor proteins relevant to the study of drug exposure and response using liver-derived extracellular vesicles.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Designing cytochrome P450 enzymes for use in cancer gene therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Preliminary Exploration of Metabolic Mechanisms in Copper-ExposedMetabolites · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles released from macrophages modulates interleukin-1β in astrocytic and neuronal cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis.Biosensors · 2023Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Pathogenesis.The American journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Review
- Review
- Microvesicles: the functional mediators in sorafenib resistance.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Article
- Nicotine self-administration with menthol and audiovisual cue facilitates differential packaging of CYP2A6 and cytokines/chemokines in rat plasma extracellular vesicles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Parasite worm antigens instruct macrophages to release immunoregulatory extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2021Article
- Mechanism of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI): unresolved basic issues.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Tool Facilitating Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenomics in Oncology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes is known to metabolize the majority of xenobiotics. Hepatocytes, powerhouses of CYP enzymes, are where most drugs are metabolized into non-toxic metabolites. Additional tissues/cells such as gut, kidneys, lungs, blood, and brain cells express selective CYP enzymes. Extrahepatic CYP enzymes, especially in kidneys, also metabolize drugs into excretable forms. However, extrahepatic cells express a much lower level of CYPs than hepatocytes. It is possible that the liver secretes CYP enzymes, which circulate via plasma and are eventually delivered to extrahepatic cells (e.g., brain cells). CYP circulation likely occurs via extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry important biomolecules for delivery to distant cells. Recent studies have revealed an abundance of several CYPs in plasma EVs and other cell-derived EVs, and have demonstrated the role of CYP-containing EVs in xenobiotic-induced toxicity via cell-cell interactions. Thus, it is important to study the mechanism for packaging CYP into EVs, their circulation via plasma, and their role in extrahepatic cells. Future studies could help to find novel EV biomarkers and help to utilize EVs in novel interventions via CYP-containing EV drug delivery. This review mainly covers the abundance of CYPs in plasma EVs and EVs derived from CYP-expressing cells, as well as the potential role of EV CYPs in cell-cell communication and their application with respect to novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.