Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31817445›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019

Polish Paralympic Sports in the Opinion of Athletes and Coaches in Retrospective Studies.

Joanna Sobiecka, Ryszard Plinta, Marta Kądziołka, Wojciech Gawroński, Paweł Kruszelnicki, Anna Zwierzchowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The Sport Training Process of Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Gender Participation and Performance in Boccia International-Level Events.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joanna SobieckaFaculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland.
Ryszard PlintaDepartment of Adapted Physical Activity and Sport, Chair of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Marta KądziołkaFaculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland.
Wojciech GawrońskiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
Paweł KruszelnickiDepartment of University School Informatization, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland.
Anna ZwierzchowskaThe Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Institute of Sport Science, 40-066 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4284-8697

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the limitations observed in Polish Paralympic sport depending on the environment in which athletes train on a daily basis. The study included 581 persons divided into two basic groups. The first group consists of athletes (n = 324) and coaches (n = 88) appointed to the national team by associations and unions providing sports training exclusively for athletes with disabilities. The second group consisted of athletes with disabilities (n = 146) and their coaches (n = 23), who work in national sports associations working for both able-bodied and disabled people. The study used the diagnostic survey method with a questionnaire developed by Sobiecka. The difficulties indicated by the respondents referred to various aspects related to the activity in professional sport. Particularly emphasised difficulties were related to organizational and financial limitations as well as the management and coaching staff. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the environment was a differentiating factor between the studied groups of athletes and coaches.

Indexed as

AttitudeSportsAthletesFemaleHumansMalePersons with DisabilitiesPolandRetrospective StudiesSurveys and Questionnaireslimitationsorganizational structuresParalympic sporttraining process

Identifiers

PMID31817445
PMCPMC6950017

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.