SynthesisToxins2019
Botulinum Toxin Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation for Stroke: A Systematic Review of Effect on Motor Function.
Synthesis in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Botulinum Toxin Combined with Robot-Assisted Therapy for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Brazilian practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: Part II.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Guideline
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- A clinical trial evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a brain-computer interface for telerehabilitation in patients with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Enriched music-supported therapy for individuals with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Advancements in Understanding Spasticity: A Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Tailoring BoNT A treatment and assessment across recovery stages after stroke: a report of four clinical cases.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Functional improvement by tendon transfer for residual wrist dysfunction after botulinum therapy for severe upper limb spasticity: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin A for Elbow Flexor Spasticity: A Non-Randomized Observational Study of Muscle-Specific Injection Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of a patient-reported outcome for assessing spasticity in a pediatric population.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Gait Reconstruction Strategy Using Botulinum Toxin Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation.Toxins · 2024Review
- Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Treatment of Spasticity of Different Etiologies: An Umbrella Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Surgical Treatment in Post-Stroke Spastic Hands: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- LONG-TERM REPEATED BOTULINUM TOXIN A TREATMENT OVER 12 YEARS GRADUALLY CHANGES GAIT CHARACTERISTICS: SINGLE-CASE STUDY.Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications · 2024Article
- Synergic Effect of Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation and Antispasticity Therapy: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) therapy combined with rehabilitation on motor function in post-stroke patients.
methodsThe following sources up to December 31, 2018, were searched from inception for articles in English: Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL. Trials using injections of BoNT-A for upper and lower limb rehabilitation were examined. We excluded studies that were not performed for rehabilitation or were not evaluated for motor function.
resultsTwenty-six studies were included. In addition to rehabilitation, nine studies used adjuvant treatment to improve spasticity or improve motor function. In the upper limbs, two of 14 articles indicated that significant improvement in upper limb motor function was observed compared to the control group. In the lower limbs, seven of 14 articles indicated that significant improvement in lower limb motor function was observed compared to the control group.
conclusionsThe effect of combined with rehabilitation is limited after stroke, and there is not sufficient evidence, but results suggest that BoNT-A may help to improve motor function. In future studies, the establishment of optimal rehabilitation and evaluation times of BoNT-A treatment will be necessary for improving motor function and spasticity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.