ArticlePharmaceutics2019
Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of BCG Cell Wall Skeleton into Bladder Cancer Cells Using Liposomes Functionalized with Folic Acid and Pep-1 Peptide.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomedicine in immunotherapy of urinary system tumors: advances, synergistic strategies, and translational challenges.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Sialic Acid Binding Liposome Nanoparticles for Targeted Bladder Cancer Therapy.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Progress on liposome delivery systems in the treatment of bladder cancer.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Peptide-Functionalized Nanomedicine: Advancements in Drug Delivery, Diagnostics, and Biomedical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bladder Cancer Medication Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Cell Wall Skeleton Focusing on Alternatives and Developments to Limitations.Journal of cancer prevention · 2025Review
- Development of Novel Intravesical Formulation for Bladder Retention Targeting Bladder Disorders.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Targeted liposomes for macrophages-mediated pulmonary fibrosis therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Clinical insights into nanomedicine and biosafety: advanced therapeutic approaches for common urological cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- State-of-the-Art Advances of Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer.Biosensors · 2022Review
- Current Researches on Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Bladder Cancer Intravesical Chemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Nanocarriers for Biomedicine: From Lipid Formulations to Inorganic and Hybrid Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Development, Characterization, and Ex Vivo Assessment of Elastic Liposomes for Enhancing the Buccal Delivery of Insulin.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) might function as a potential substitute for live BCG, its use in the treatment of bladder cancer remains limited owing to issues such as insolubility and micrometer-size following exposure to an aqueous environment. Thus, to develop a novel nanoparticulate system for efficient BCG-CWS delivery, liposomal encapsulation was carried out using a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method (targets: Size, <200 nm; encapsulation efficiency, ~60%). Further, the liposomal surface was functionalized with specific ligands, folic acid (FA), and Pep-1 peptide (Pep1), as targeting and cell-penetrating moieties, respectively. Functionalized liposomes greatly increased the intracellular uptake of BCG-CWS in the bladder cancer cell lines, 5637 and MBT2. The immunoactivity was verified through elevated cytokine production and a THP-1 migration assay. In vivo antitumor efficacy revealed that the BCG-CWS-loaded liposomes effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing MBT2 tumors. Dual ligand-functionalized liposome was also superior to single ligand-functionalized liposomes. Immunohistochemistry supported the enhanced antitumor effect of BCG-CWS, with IL-6 production and CD4 infiltration. Thus, we conclude that FA- and Pep1-modified liposomes encapsulating BCG-CWS might be a good candidate for bladder cancer treatment with high target selectivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.