ArticleAllergy2020
Interleukin 31 in insect bite hypersensitivity-Alleviating clinical symptoms by active vaccination against itch.
Article in Allergy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-31: State of the Art for an Inflammation-Oriented Interleukin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Oclacitinib for Controlling Pruritus and Associated Skin Lesions in 16 Horses With Allergic Dermatitis.Veterinary dermatology · 2026Article
- EPIclip: A Novel Approach for the Production of Decorated Virus-Like Particles Mediated by High-Affinity Protein Binding Partners.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Taming pet allergens: strategies to make furry cats less allergenic.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Virus nanoparticle intratumoral vaccines for HER2Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Skin Barrier in Normal and Allergic Horses: What Do We Know?Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Cytokines and chemokines skin gene expression in correlation with immune cells in blood and severity in equine insect bite hypersensitivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses: Causes, Diagnosis, Scoring and New Therapies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Development of an inhibiting antibody against equine interleukin 5 to treat insect bite hypersensitivity of horses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Virus-like particle vaccinology, from bench to bedside.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- In situ delivery of nanoparticles formulated with micron-sized crystals protects from murine melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Equine keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of insect bite hypersensitivity: Just another brick in the wall?PloS one · 2022Article
- Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice.Veterinary sciences · 2021Review
- Bioengineering of Virus-like Particles for the Prevention or Treatment of Allergic Diseases.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2021Review
- Molecular tools-advances, opportunities and prospects for the control of parasites of veterinary importance.International journal of tropical insect science · 2021Review
- The 3Ds in virus-like particle based-vaccines: "Design, Delivery and Dynamics".Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Interleukin 31 in insect bite hypersensitivity-Alleviating clinical symptoms by active vaccination against itch.Allergy · 2020Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most common seasonal pruritic allergic dermatitis of horses occurring upon insect bites. In recent years, a major role for IL-31 in allergic pruritus of humans, monkeys, dogs, and mice was acknowledged. Here, we investigate the role of IL-31 in IBH of horses and developed a therapeutic vaccine against equine IL-31 (eIL-31).
methodsIL-31 levels were quantified in allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and skin punch biopsies of IBH lesions and healthy skin from IBH-affected and healthy horses. The vaccine consisted of eIL-31 covalently coupled to a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from cucumber mosaic virus containing a tetanus toxoid universal T-cell epitope (CuMVTT). Eighteen IBH-affected horses were recruited and immunized with 300 μg of eIL-31-CuMVTT vaccine or placebo and IBH severity score was recorded.
resultsIL-31 was increased in PBMCs and exclusively detectable in skin lesions of IBH-affected horses. Vaccination against eIL-31 reduced delta clinical scores when compared to previous untreated IBH season of the same horses and to placebo-treated horses in the same year. The vaccine was well tolerated without safety concerns throughout the study.
conclusionTH2-derived IL-31 is involved in IBH pathology and accordingly the immunotherapeutic vaccination approach targeting IL-31 alleviated clinical scores in affected horses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.