ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2019
Immune landscapes associated with different glioblastoma molecular subtypes.
Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell immunity in glioma and potential implications for immunotherapy: A systematic review.Neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- NF1 Leucine Rich Domain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Remodel the Glioblastoma Immune Microenvironment via an ADAM17-Associated Inflammatory Program.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Integrative Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analyses Link Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Reprogramming to Proneural-to-Mesenchymal State Transition in Glioblastoma.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Immune Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Primary Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- NG2-targeting macrophages inhibit 3D invasion of patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A cellular epigenetic classification system for glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Mapping kinase-dependent tumor immune adaptation with multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hyaluronan-Based Glioblastoma Tumor Constructs Maintain Patient Tumor Drug Responses and Genomic Parity.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Dual biomarker role of PD-L1 and LC3B in glioblastoma: prognostic and therapeutic potential.Neurosurgical review · 2026Review
- Redundancy in Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Adult Astrocytoma Resistance to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights.Theranostics · 2026Review
- High-Throughput 3D Glioblastoma Model in Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels for Personalized Therapeutic Screening.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Tumor and immune cell distribution in the tumor core and outer part of glioblastoma, IDH wildtype.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting TGFβ docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) via novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell platform to treat glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- The excitatory milieu in glioma: Mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- GBMPurity: A machine learning tool for estimating glioblastoma tumor purity from bulk RNA-sequencing data.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent work has highlighted the tumor microenvironment as a central player in cancer. In particular, interactions between tumor and immune cells may help drive the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite significant research into the molecular classification of glioblastoma, few studies have characterized in a comprehensive manner the immune infiltrate in situ and within different GBM subtypes.In this study, we use an unbiased, automated immunohistochemistry-based approach to determine the immune phenotype of the four GBM subtypes (classical, mesenchymal, neural and proneural) in a cohort of 98 patients. Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA) were stained for CD20 (B lymphocytes), CD5, CD3, CD4, CD8 (T lymphocytes), CD68 (microglia), and CD163 (bone marrow derived macrophages) antibodies. Using automated image analysis, the percentage of each immune population was calculated with respect to the total tumor cells. Mesenchymal GBMs displayed the highest percentage of microglia, macrophage, and lymphocyte infiltration. CD68
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.