ArticleInternational journal of oncology2020
Bladder cancer cell‑secreted exosomal miR‑21 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in macrophages to promote cancer progression.
Article in International journal of oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intelligent structure prediction and visualization analysis of non-coding RNA in osteosarcoma research.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Do Oxidative Stress-Modified Exosomes Contribute to Infertility in Endometriosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuron-tumor crosstalk in cancer: molecular mechanisms and translational advances.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- DNA Hypomethylation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Induction of caspase-mediated suppression of interferon signaling potentiates viral oncolysis of resistant tumor cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Exosomal crosstalk between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs and immunotherapy in testicular germ cell tumors: opportunities and challenges for modulation of the immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research on exosomes in cancer multidrug resistance and clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles-derived LncRNA MAFG-AS1 predicts clinical response to pembrolizumab in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 Downregulates miR-9-5p Expression to Modulate SIRT1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Tumor-derived exosomes and their application in cancer treatment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing macrophage M2 polarization.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Nucleoporin 93 Regulates Cancer Cell Growth and Stemness in Bladder Cancer via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- MiR-374a/b-5p Suppresses Cell Growth in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Through Blocking Exosomal ANXA1-Induced Macrophage M2 Polarization.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- miR-21 regulates autophagy and apoptosis of ectopic endometrial stromal cells of adenomyosis via PI3K/ AKT/ mTOR pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhancing RECK Expression Through miR-21 Inhibition: A Promising Strategy for Bladder Carcinoma Control.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Nanomaterials targeting cancer stem cells to overcome drug resistance and tumor recurrence.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived vesicles in immune modulation: focus on signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles-a new player in the development of urinary bladder cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumour‑associated macrophages (TAMs) compose a major component of the tumour microenvironment and form in this microenvironment prior to cancer metastasis. However, the detailed mechanisms of TAM remodelling in the context of bladder cancer have not been clearly defined. The present study collected exosomes from the conditioned medium of human bladder T24 cancer cells. The effects of macrophages treated with exosomes derived from T24 cells on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell assays. The expression levels of endogenous and exosomal microRNA‑21 (miR‑21) were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, while the expression level of the target protein was analysed by western blot analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids and mutants were used to confirm direct targeting. The effects of miR‑21 on bladder cancer cell migration and invasion were analysed by Transwell and Matrigel assays following miR‑21 transfection. It was identified that exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells polarized THP‑1 cell‑derived macrophages into the M2 phenotype, and TAM‑mediated pro‑migratory and pro‑invasive activity was determined. Moreover, it was found that miR‑21 was highly expressed in exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells as well as in macrophages treated with exosomes. In addition, macrophages transfected with miR‑21 exhibited M2 polarization and promoted T24 cell migratory and invasive ability. Mechanistically, exosomal miR‑21 derived from bladder cancer cells inhibited phosphatase and tensin homolog activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in macrophages and enhanced STAT3 expression to promote M2 phenotypic polarization. The present results suggest that exosomal miR‑21 can promote cancer progression by polarizing TAMs.
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