ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2020
Rhythmic Fluctuations in Levels of Liver Enzymes During Menstrual Cycles of Healthy Women and Effects of Body Weight.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological sex differences in pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Inflammatory markers CRP and WBC as predictors of liver function impairment in multiple injury trauma patients: a repeated measures analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical and In Vitro Safety ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Investigation of the protective effect ofHeliyon · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsFemale sex hormones affect several non-reproductive organs, but little is known about their effects on the liver during a normal menstrual cycle. We aimed to investigate the association between sex hormones and liver enzymes in healthy menstruating women.
methodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of data from the BioCycle study, a longitudinal cohort study designed to determine the association of sex hormones with markers of oxidative stress during the menstrual cycle. We analyzed data collected from 259 menstruating women, over 1-2 menstrual cycles, who had as many as 16 separate office visits, timed by fertility monitors. Levels of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), bilirubin, and lipids were measured by laboratory assays.
resultsWe found a natural cyclic pattern for liver enzymes, with transaminases and ALKP peaking in the mid-follicular phase and reaching a trough in the late luteal phase; the peak to trough differences were 4.0 ± 4.9 U/L for ALT and 8.8 ± 4.0 U/L for ALKP. Levels of ALT were significantly and negatively associated with levels of progesterone on the preceding visit (P = 5x10
conclusionsLevels of liver enzymes fluctuate during the normal menstrual cycle, possibly mediated by progesterone, and the fluctuation varies with age and body mass index. These findings indicate the importance of accounting for phase of menstrual cycle when interpreting liver enzyme measurements in menstruating women.
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