ArticleAging2019
Melatonin protects blood-brain barrier integrity and permeability by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 via the NOTCH3/NF-κB pathway.
Article in Aging, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effects of butyrate on cerebral ischaemic injury in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Melatonin Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Escherichia coli/Lipopolysaccharide Induced Neuronal Injury via Regulating TFRC-Related Ferroptosis.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Review
- Levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are elevated in persons with major depressive disorder who have had a recent suicide attempt.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The circadian-melatonin axis in breast cancer metastasis: molecular mechanisms, organ-specific metastatic niches, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Melatonin Modulates Astrocyte Inflammatory Response and Nrf2/SIRT1 Signaling Pathways in Adult Rat Cortical Cultures.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Synergistic effects of melatonin and curcumin in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: insights into anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective mechanisms.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Targeting Ischemic Stroke with Neural Stem Cells: Insights into Endogenous Repair Mechanisms, Biomaterial-Based Delivery, and Exosome Therapies.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Do immune system and microbiome-gut-brain axis interactions associate with major depressive disorder?Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Protective effects of melatonin and naringenin against acitretin induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Links Between Circadian Rhythm Disruption, Melatonin, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Updated Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Applications of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Related Nanomedicines in Tumors and Vascular Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Partners in health and disease: pineal gland and purinergic signalling.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Effects of Melatonin Disorders on Parkinson's Disease: A Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and blood-brain barrier compromise: pathways to cognitive dysfunction.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- From Skin and Gut to the Brain: The Infectious Journey of the Human Commensal Fungus Malassezia and Its Neurological Consequences.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Umbelliferone as an effective component of Rhodiola for protecting the cerebral microvascular endothelial barrier in cSVD.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The Upregulation of IL-1β Induced by Cisplatin Triggers PI3K/AKT/MMP9 Pathway in Pericytes Mediating the Leakage of the Blood Labyrinth Barrier.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Melatonin: A potential nighttime guardian against Alzheimer's.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanism of white matter hyperintensities of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) includes an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) with increased permeability. Neuroinflammation likely contributes to the disruption of the BBB in CSVD. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of how neuroinflammation causes BBB damage is essential to preventing BBB disruption in CSVD. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) contributes to BBB damage in neuroinflammatory diseases. In this study, we observed that interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced MMP-9 secretion in pericytes increased BBB permeability to sodium fluorescein (Na-F) by damaging the disruption of VE-cadherin, occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1). Melatonin reduced BBB permeability to Na-F and inhibited the disruption of the adherens and tight junction proteins. Melatonin also downregulated
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.