Physiological and oxidative stress response of goldfish Carassius auratus induced by a light dimming system.

Light is an essential factor for organisms and affects the endocrine and stress regulation of fish in nature. However, sudden changes in light and dark conditions in artificial environments can negatively impact fish. In the present study, to evaluate the physiological and oxidative stress responses of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to two different light conditions, sudden light changes and slowly dimming light changes for 24 h, we analyzed the mRNA expression and activity of stress indicators [corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)], levels of plasma cortisol and glucose, mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and activity of plasma oxidative stress indicators (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Consequently, the mRNA expressions and activities of CRH and POMC, plasma levels of cortisol and glucose, and mRNA expression of GR were found to be significantly increased during the light changes, particularly in the control group. Additionally, plasma levels of cortisol and glucose in the control group were significantly higher than those in the dimming group during the light changes. However, no significant differences in mRNA expression levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes both in the control and dimming groups were observed. These results indicate that dimming light induces less stress than sudden changes in light.