Trial reportNature communications2019
Resolving the cause of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria probabilistically.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the effect of primaquine dose on efficacy, safety, and tolerability in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2026Pooled it
- Automated reporting of primaquine dose efficacy, tolerability and safety for Plasmodium vivax malaria using a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Estimating the Proportion ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of 7-day high-dose primaquine and single-dose tafenoquine versus 14-day low-dose primaquine in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria (EFFORT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Microhaplotype deep sequencing assays to capture Plasmodium vivax infection lineages.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- 14 days of high-dose versus low-dose primaquine treatment in patients with Plasmodium vivax infection in Cambodia: a randomised, single-centre, open-label efficacy study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Primaquine radical cure in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in areas co-endemic for P falciparum and Plasmodium vivax (PRIMA): a multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Population heterogeneity in Plasmodium vivax relapse risk.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Trial
- Outdoor residual spraying for malaria vector-control in Kayin (Karen) state, Myanmar: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- How radical is radical cure? Site-specific biases in clinical trials underestimate the effect of radical cure on Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites.Malaria journal · 2021Trial
- Hydroxamic Acids as HDAC Inhibitor Drug Leads for Malaria.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Seven-day versus fourteen-day low-dose primaquine forThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Identifiability and model misspecification for modelling recurrent infections using routine health care data.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Building the toolkit to address malaria resurgence and radical cure of vivax malaria in Ethiopia: a meeting report.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Genome-wide characterization of Plasmodium vivax infections in local travelers and non-travelers from the Peruvian Amazon.Research square · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into subclinicaliScience · 2026Review
- Dissemination of EFFORT trial results in Indonesia: a stakeholder meeting report on tafenoquine and primaquine for radical cure of Plasmodium vivax.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- UnderstandingiScience · 2026Article
- Stage-aware transcriptomics reveals selective haplotype persistence in short-termbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Relapses arising from dormant liver-stage Plasmodium vivax parasites (hypnozoites) are a major cause of vivax malaria. However, in endemic areas, a recurrent blood-stage infection following treatment can be hypnozoite-derived (relapse), a blood-stage treatment failure (recrudescence), or a newly acquired infection (reinfection). Each of these requires a different prevention strategy, but it was not previously possible to distinguish between them reliably. We show that individual vivax malaria recurrences can be characterised probabilistically by combined modelling of time-to-event and genetic data within a framework incorporating identity-by-descent. Analysis of pooled patient data on 1441 recurrent P. vivax infections in 1299 patients on the Thailand-Myanmar border observed over 1000 patient follow-up years shows that, without primaquine radical curative treatment, 3 in 4 patients relapse. In contrast, after supervised high-dose primaquine only 1 in 40 relapse. In this region of frequent relapsing P. vivax, failure rates after supervised high-dose primaquine are significantly lower (∼3%) than estimated previously.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.