Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31811026›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019

Sono-optogenetics facilitated by a circulation-delivered rechargeable light source for minimally invasive optogenetics.

Xiang Wu, Xingjun Zhu, Paul Chong, Junlang Liu, Louis N Andre, Kyrstyn S Ong, Kenneth Brinson, Ali I Mahdi, Jiachen Li, Lief E Fenno and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Developing Optogenetic Approaches to Study CaCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Recent Progress in Mechanoluminescence for Multi-Dimensional Stress Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Genetics-Based Targeting Strategies for Precise Neuromodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiang WuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Xingjun ZhuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Paul ChongWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Junlang LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Louis N AndreDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Kyrstyn S OngDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Kenneth BrinsonDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Ali I MahdiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Jiachen LiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Lief E FennoDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Huiliang WangDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Guosong HongDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Neurosciences Institute · USStanford University · US

Funding

Brain Aging Studies with Single-Neuron Resolution Using Syringe-Injectable ElectronicsR00AG056636 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HONG, GUOSONG · 2018 to 2020
$745k
Projection Specific Modulation of Neural Activity with A Non-genetic MethodK01MH117490 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI WANG, HUILIANG · 2018 to 2021
$508k
NIA NIH HHS R00 AG056636NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH117490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optogenetics, which uses visible light to control the cells genetically modified with light-gated ion channels, is a powerful tool for precise deconstruction of neural circuitry with neuron-subtype specificity. However, due to limited tissue penetration of visible light, invasive craniotomy and intracranial implantation of tethered optical fibers are usually required for in vivo optogenetic modulation. Here we report mechanoluminescent nanoparticles that can act as local light sources in the brain when triggered by brain-penetrant focused ultrasound (FUS) through intact scalp and skull. Mechanoluminescent nanoparticles can be delivered into the blood circulation via i.v. injection, recharged by 400-nm photoexcitation light in superficial blood vessels during circulation, and turned on by FUS to emit 470-nm light repetitively in the intact brain for optogenetic stimulation. Unlike the conventional "outside-in" approaches of optogenetics with fiber implantation, our method provides an "inside-out" approach to deliver nanoscopic light emitters via the intrinsic circulatory system and switch them on and off at any time and location of interest in the brain without extravasation through a minimally invasive ultrasound interface.

Indexed as

circulatory systemmechanoluminescenceminimally invasive neuromodulationoptogeneticsultrasound

Identifiers

PMID31811026
PMCPMC6936518
OpenAlexW2991897151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.