ArticleWomen's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health
Sexual Orientation Differences in Pregnancy and Abortion Across the Lifecourse.
Article in Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Covariate adjustment in LGBTQ+ health disparities research: aligning methods with assumptions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Enhancing LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in an AI-Powered Sexual Health Chatbot: User-Centered Design Approach Through a Nonprofit and Academic Partnership.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Disparities in primary Cesarean birth by sexual orientation: a population-based analysis across three longitudinal cohorts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Justice denied: reproductive injustices facing Black Queer birthing people in the U.S. healthcare system.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Differences in Abortion Use by Sexual Orientation in 3 National Cohorts.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Simulation Bridges LGBTQ+ Educational Gaps in Gynecologic Care: Menstrual Suppression for a Gender and Sexually Diverse Patient.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2025Article
- Mapping the scientific literature on obstetric and perinatal health among sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) childbearing people and their infants: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Sexual orientation disparities in gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2024Article
- Differences in medically assisted reproduction use by sexual identity and partnership: a prospective cohort of cisgender women.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Sexual orientation-related disparities in perinatal mental health among a prospective cohort study.SSM. Mental health · 2024Article
- Holistic Sexual-Reproductive Healthcare Services and Needs for Queer Individuals: Healthcare Providers' Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Family building and pregnancy experiences of cisgender sexual minority women.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Has the fall ofHealth affairs scholar · 2024Article
- How a "Something Else" Response Option for Sexual Identity Affects National Survey Estimates of Associations Between Sexual Identity, Reproductive Health, and Substance Use.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- The Moderating Role of Sexual Orientation in the Association Between Religiosity and Sexual Behaviors Among College Students.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Patient concerns about accessing sexual and reproductive health services outside of primary care: A survey in rural and urban settings in the Pacific Northwest.Contraception · 2023Article
- Analysing intersecting social resources in young people's ability to suggest safer sex - results from a national population-based survey in Sweden.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Mothers' Sexual Identity and Children's Health.Population research and policy review · 2022Article
- An intersectional analysis of contraceptive types chosen among sexual minority women: A nationally representative study.Contraception · 2022Article
- Reproductive autonomy and feelings of control over pregnancy among emerging adult clients in a Utah (USA) contraceptive initiative study.Sexual & reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe examined sexual orientation-related differences in various pregnancy outcomes (e.g., teen pregnancy, abortion) across the lifespan.
methodsWe collected data from 124,710 participants in three U.S. longitudinal cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study 2 and 3 and Growing Up Today Study 1, followed from 1989 to 2017. Multivariate regression was used to calculate differences of each outcome-ever had pregnancy, teen pregnancy, ever had abortion, and age at first birth-by sexual orientation groups (e.g., heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian), adjusting for potential confounders of age and race/ethnicity.
resultsAll sexual minority groups-except lesbians-were generally more likely than heterosexual peers to have a pregnancy, a teen pregnancy, and an abortion. For example, Growing Up Today Study 1 bisexual participants were three times as likely as heterosexuals to have had an abortion (risk ratio, 3.21; 95% confident interval, 1.94-5.34). Lesbian women in all of the cohorts were approximately half as likely to have a pregnancy compared with heterosexual women. Few sexual orientation group differences were detected in age at first birth.
conclusionsThe increased risk of unintended pregnancy among sexual minority women likely reflects structural barriers to sexual and reproductive health services. It is critical that sex education programs become inclusive of sexual minority individuals and medical education train health care providers to care for this population. Health care providers should not make harmful heteronormative assumptions about pregnant patients and providers must learn to take sexual histories as well as offer contraceptive counseling to all patients who want to prevent a pregnancy regardless of sexual orientation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.