ArticlePloS one2019
Recurrence rates after surgical removal of oral leukoplakia-A prospective longitudinal multi-centre study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrence in Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of dental research · 2024Pooled it
- Longitudinal Analysis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder Conversion to Malignancy.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Efficacy of 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy in Dysplastic Oral Leukoplakia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Valproic acid exposure alters histone deacetylase mRNA expression profile in oral cancer and premalignant cell lines.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dutch Dentists on Oral Leukoplakia and Their Possible Role in Its Follow-Up.International dental journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Expression of FAP in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International dental journal · 2024Article
- Update on Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers: A guide for oral health care providers.Journal of dental hygiene : JDH · 2024Article
- Early Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Review on Prospective Screening Methods with Regard to Global Challenges.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery · 2024Review
- New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Evaluating surgical excision to prevent progression of oral precancerous lesions: Highlighting randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.Journal of dental sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical application of double V-Y advancement mucosal flap to repair tongue defect.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Management of oral leukoplakia with an 808-nm high-power diode laser: a single-center experience.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Oral cancer prediction by noninvasive genetic screening.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Article
- Unexpected Candidal Hyphae in Oral Mucosa Lesions-A Clinico-Pathological Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Azoxystrobin induces apoptosisFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Gingival Leukoplakia: Hyperkeratosis with Epithelial Atrophy Is A Frequent Histopathologic Finding.Head and neck pathology · 2021Article
- Expression of p53, p63, podoplanin and Ki-67 in recurring versus non-recurring oral leukoplakia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Female Patients-Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Treatment Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant oral disorder. The Gold Standard treatment is to remove surgically the OL. Despite optimal surgery, the recurrence rates are estimated to be 30%. The reason for this is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical factors that correlate with recurrence after surgical removal of OL. In a prospective study data were collected from 226 patients with OL. Forty-six patients were excluded due to incomplete records or concomitant presence of other oral mucosal diseases. Overall, 180 patients proceeded to analysis (94 women and 86 men; mean age, 62 years; age range, 28-92 years). Clinical data, such as gender, diagnosis (homogeneous/non-homogeneous leukoplakia), location, size, tobacco and alcohol use, verified histopathological diagnosis, and clinical photograph, were obtained. In patients who were eligible for surgery, the OL was surgically removed with a margin. To establish recurrence, a healthy mucosa between the surgery and recurrence had to be confirmed in the records or clinical photographs. Statistical analysis was performed with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Of the 180 patients diagnosed with OL, 57% (N = 103) underwent surgical removal in toto. Recurrence was observed in 43 OL. The cumulative incidence of recurrence of OL was 45% after 4 years and 49% after 5 years. Fifty-six percent (N = 23) of the non-homogeneous type recurred. Among snuff-users 73% (N = 8) cases of OL recurred. A non-homogeneous type of OL and the use of snuff were significantly associated with recurrence after surgical excision (P = 0.021 and P = 0.003, respectively). Recurrence was also significantly associated with cancer transformation (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between recurrence and any of the following: dysplasia, site of lesion, size, multiple vs. solitary OL, gender, age, use of alcohol or smoking. In conclusion, clinical factors that predict recurrence of OL are non-homogeneous type and use of snuff.
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