ArticleAtherosclerosis2020
Comparison of the characteristics at diagnosis and treatment of children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) from eight European countries.
Article in Atherosclerosis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Evolocumab and Alirocumab as PCSK9 Inhibitors in Pediatric Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- LDL hypercholesterolemia in children: genetic influence and response to lifestyle advice - follow-up of the Fr1dolin-trial.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Childhood: An Overview of Current Practices Around the World.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Two Cases of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children Effectively Managed With Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe Combination Therapy.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Pediatric Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Targeting Intestinal Absorption and Other Therapeutic Strategies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Family hypercholesterolemia due toMolecular genetics and metabolism reports · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Screening Strategies for Detection of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Children and Adolescents in Italy: A Survey from the LIPIGEN Paediatric Group.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Beneficial Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination on Lipid Profiles in Children with Moderate and Severe Hypercholesterolemia.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Statin Treatment in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Outcomes of 20 Years of Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Pediatric Group: A Romanian Showcase.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Familial Hypercholesterolemia 2022.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- Genetic Testing in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Is It for Everyone?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2023Review
- Statins in Children, an Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A comparison of the Netherlands, Norway and UK familial hypercholesterolemia screening programmes with implications for target setting and the UK's NHS long term plan.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Should We Be Screening for Ischaemic Heart Disease Earlier in Childhood?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Population-based screening in children for early diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia: design of the VRONI study.European journal of public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsFor children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH), European guidelines recommend consideration of statin therapy by age 8-10 years for those with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3.5 mmol/l, and dietary and lifestyle advice. Here we compare the characteristics and lipid levels in HeFH children from Norway, UK, Netherlands, Belgium, Czech Republic, Austria, Portugal and Greece.
methodsFully-anonymized data were analysed at the London centre. Differences in registration and on treatment characteristics were compared by standard statistical tests.
resultsData was obtained from 3064 children. The median age at diagnosis differed significantly between countries (range 3-11 years) reflecting differences in diagnostic strategies. Mean (SD) LDL-C at diagnosis was 5.70 (±1.4) mmol/l, with 88% having LDL-C>4.0 mmol/l. The proportion of children older than 10 years at follow-up who were receiving statins varied significantly (99% in Greece, 56% in UK), as did the proportion taking Ezetimibe (0% in UK, 78% in Greece). Overall, treatment reduced LDL-C by between 28 and 57%, however, in those >10 years, 23% of on-treatment children still had LDL-C>3.5 mmol/l and 66% of those not on a statin had LDL-C>3.5 mmol/l.
conclusionsThe age of HeFH diagnosis in children varies significantly across 8 countries, as does the proportion of those >10 years being treated with statin and/or ezetimibe. Approximately a quarter of the treated children and almost three quarters of the untreated children older than 10 years still have LDL-C concentrations over 3.5 mmol/l. These data suggest that many children with FH are not receiving the full potential benefit of early identification and appropriate lipid-lowering treatment according to recommendations.
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Registered trials
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