ArticlePLoS pathogens2019
Distinct rates and patterns of spread of the major HIV-1 subtypes in Central and East Africa.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- HIV-1 subtype C predicted co-receptor tropism in Africa: an individual sequence level meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Current and historic HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in paediatric and adult population from Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1 recombinants: analysis of contemporary and historical viral populations in East Africa.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV serologic reactivity varies with time of ART initiation in persons on long-term ART.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- A national cross-sectional analysis of surveillance drug resistance mutations among recently diagnosed antiretroviral naïve Brazilian people with HIV.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Review
- Sexual Networks and Behavioral Characteristics of HIV-Positive Male Military Members, Female Sex Workers, and Male Civilians.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Patterns of HIV-1 Pol Gene in East Africa.Advances in virology · 2025Article
- How fast are viruses spreading in the wild?PLoS biology · 2024Article
- The emergence and circulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtype C.Journal of medical microbiology · 2024Article
- Synchrony of Bird Migration with Global Dispersal of Avian Influenza Reveals Exposed Bird Orders.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Temporal trends and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance within and between risk groups in Kenya, 1986-2020.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Fission-fusion dynamics in the social networks of a North American pitviper.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Impact and mitigation of sampling bias to determine viral spread: Evaluating discrete phylogeography through CTMC modeling and structured coalescent model approximations.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- Revisiting the recombinant history of HIV-1 group M with dynamic network community detection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Quantifying rates of HIV-1 flow between risk groups and geographic locations in Kenya: A country-wide phylogenetic study.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Ethiopia: Epidemic Decline Coincided With Behavioral Interventions Before ART Scale-Up.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
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22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since the ignition of the HIV-1 group M pandemic in the beginning of the 20th century, group M lineages have spread heterogeneously throughout the world. Subtype C spread rapidly through sub-Saharan Africa and is currently the dominant HIV lineage worldwide. Yet the epidemiological and evolutionary circumstances that contributed to its epidemiological expansion remain poorly understood. Here, we analyse 346 novel pol sequences from the DRC to compare the evolutionary dynamics of the main HIV-1 lineages, subtypes A1, C and D. Our results place the origins of subtype C in the 1950s in Mbuji-Mayi, the mining city of southern DRC, while subtypes A1 and D emerged in the capital city of Kinshasa, and subtypes H and J in the less accessible port city of Matadi. Following a 15-year period of local transmission in southern DRC, we find that subtype C spread at least three-fold faster than other subtypes circulating in Central and East Africa. In conclusion, our results shed light on the origins of HIV-1 main lineages and suggest that socio-historical rather than evolutionary factors may have determined the epidemiological fate of subtype C in sub-Saharan Africa.
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