ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2020
Spatial distribution and characteristics of HIV clusters in Ethiopia.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends, magnitude and determinants of viral load suppression among HIV patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy in Tigray region, Ethiopia: a retrospective study (2016-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Trends and spatial patterns of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence among men and women aged 15-49 in Sierra Leone: evidence from the 2008, 2013 and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Patterns of basic pneumococcal conjugated vaccine coverage in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2018; further analysis of Ethiopian DHS (2016-2019).Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- Spatial mapping and predictors of ever-tested for HIV in adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Use of unsupervised machine learning to characterise HIV predictors in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Novel Location-Based Survey Using Cognitive Interviews to Assess Geographic Networks and Hotspots of Sex and Drug Use: Implementation and Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Spatial variation and attributable risk factors of anaemia among young children in Uganda: Evidence from a nationally representative survey.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Spatial codistribution of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria in Ethiopia.BMJ global health · 2022Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesEthiopia's HIV prevalence has decreased by 75% in the past 20 years with the implementation of antiretroviral therapy, but HIV transmission continues in high-risk clusters. Identifying the spatial and temporal trends, and epidemiologic correlates, of these clusters can lead to targeted interventions.
methodsWe used biomarker and survey data from the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The spatial-temporal distribution of HIV was estimated using the Kulldorff spatial scan statistic, a likelihood-based method for determining clustering. Significant clusters (P < 0.05) were identified and compared based on HIV risk factors to non-cluster areas.
resultsIn 2005, 2011 and 2016, respectively, 219, 568 and 408 individuals tested positive for HIV. Four HIV clusters were identified, representing 17% of the total population and 43% of all HIV cases. The clusters were centred around Addis Ababa (1), Afar (2), Dire Dawa (3) and Gambella (4). Cluster 1 had higher rates of unsafe injections (4.9% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) and transactional sex (6.0% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.001) than non-cluster regions, but more male circumcision (98.5% vs. 91.3%, P < 0.001). Cluster 2 had higher levels of transactional sex (4.9% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.01), but lower levels of unsafe injections (0.8% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.01). Cluster 3 had fewer individuals with> 1 sexual partner (0% vs. 1.7%, P < 0.001) and more male circumcision (100% vs. 91.3%, P < 0.001). Cluster 4 had less male circumcision (59.1% vs. 91.3%, P < 0.01).
conclusionsIn Ethiopia, geographic HIV clusters are driven by different risk factors. Decreasing the HIV burden requires targeted interventions.
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