ArticleDemography2019
The Impact of the Flint Water Crisis on Fertility.
Article in Demography, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lead in Drinking Water and Child Health: Evidence From Jackson, Mississippi.Health economics · 2026Article
- The Voice Unheard: Women's Perception of Maternal Health Care Post-Flint Water Crisis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Quantifying Threshold Manipulation in the Presence of Rounding: The Case of Lead Monitoring in U.S. Drinking Water.American economic review. Insights · 2025Article
- Early-Life Lead Exposure and Male Longevity: Evidence from Historical Municipal Water Systems.Explorations in economic history · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Emotional Reactions to the Flint Water Crisis among Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint.Ethnicity & disease · 2024Article
- The Effects of the Flint water crisis on the educational outcomes of school-age children.Science advances · 2024Article
- Drinking Water Contaminant Concentrations and Birth Outcomes.Journal of policy analysis and management : [the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management] · 2024Article
- Association of Public Works Disasters with Substance Use Difficulties: Evidence from Flint, Michigan, Five Years after the Water Crisis Onset.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Experiences of the Flint Water Crisis Among Reproductive-Age Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint: Differences by Race and Ethnicity.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Knowledge, confidence, and reported behaviors that promote safe water drinking among women of reproductive age.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Determinants of Disparities in Early COVID-19 Job Losses.Demography · 2022Article
- Domain Knowledge-Based Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Sensor Placement.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Drinking water, fracking, and infant health.Journal of health economics · 2022Article
- Are there excess fetal deaths attributable to waterborne lead exposure during the Flint Water Crisis? Evidence from bio-kinetic model predictions and Vital Records.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Article
- What Do Childcare Providers Know about Environmental Influences on Children's Health? Implications for Environmental Health Literacy Efforts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- "We're Still Here": A Photovoice Study of Mothers' Perspectives 6 Years after the Flint Michigan Water Contamination Event.Health equity · 2021Article
- Detecting the Effects of Early-Life Exposures: Why Fecundity Matters.Population research and policy review · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flint switched its public water source in April 2014, increasing exposure to lead and other contaminants. We compare the change in the fertility rate and in health at birth in Flint before and after the water switch to the changes in other cities in Michigan. We find that Flint fertility rates decreased by 12 % and that overall health at birth decreased. This effect on health at birth is a function of two countervailing mechanisms: (1) negative selection of less healthy embryos and fetuses not surviving (raising the average health of survivors), and (2) those who survived being scarred (decreasing average health). We untangle this to find a net of selection scarring effect of 5.4 % decrease in birth weight. Because of long-term effects of in utero exposure, these effects are likely lower bounds on the overall effects of this exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.