ReviewRobotic surgery (Auckland)2019
Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery: History, Efficacy, Cost, And Future Trends.
Review in Robotic surgery (Auckland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06120426 (En Bloc Resection Versus Separation Surgery Combined With Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Spinal Oligometastatic Tumor-A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.), which is not on this map. Cited by 152 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
En Bloc Resection Versus Separation Surgery Combined With Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Spinal Oligometastatic Tumor-A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robot-assisted technique versus freehand technique for spine surgery: an umbrella review.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy and postoperative assessment of robot-assisted placement of pedicle screws during scoliosis surgery compared with conventional freehand technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of robot-assisted versus fluoroscopy-assisted PKP or PVP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Pooled it
- State-of-the-Art of Non-Radiative, Non-Visual Spine Sensing with a Focus on Sensing Forces, Vibrations and Bioelectrical Properties: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Robot-assisted knee arthroplasty improves component positioning and alignment, but results are inconclusive on whether it improves clinical scores or reduces complications and revisions: a systematic overview of meta-analyses.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2022Pooled it
- Is there a variance in complication types associated with ALIF approaches? A systematic review.Acta neurochirurgica · 2021Pooled it
- Computer-Assisted Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020Trial
- Public information-seeking about orthopedic surgical robotics: a decade-scale infodemiological analysis and forecast through 2030.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Analysis of root causes of adverse events with Mazor X and Mazor X stealth edition-guided spine surgeries: an FDA MAUDE database study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Robot-Assisted "Postage-Stamp" Vertebrotomy for Spinal Tumor Resection: Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- A retrospective cohort analysis of roboticJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Mechanized precision: the rise of robotic systems in spinal surgery.Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- Global analysis and prospects of assisted pedicle screw placement surgery: a bibliometric study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Adjacent segment degeneration after superior facet joint violation of the lumbar spine.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- C-Arm Oblique View-Assisted Screw Placement Method for Extremely Small Lumbar Pedicles in Thoracolumbar Vertebral Body Fractures.International journal of spine surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Minimally Invasive General Surgery: A Narrative Review of Techniques, Technologies, and Patient Outcomes.Cureus · 2026Review
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Robot-assisted spine surgery has recently emerged as a viable tool to enable less invasive and higher precision surgery. The first-ever spine robot, the SpineAssist (Mazor Robotics Ltd., Caesarea, Israel), gained FDA approval in 2004. With its ability to provide real-time intraoperative navigation and rigid stereotaxy, robotic-assisted surgery has the potential to increase accuracy while decreasing radiation exposure, complication rates, operative time, and recovery time. Currently, robotic assistance is mainly restricted to spinal fusion and instrumentation procedures, but recent studies have demonstrated its use in increasingly complex procedures such as spinal tumor resections and ablations, vertebroplasties, and deformity correction. However, robots do require high initial costs and training, and thus, require justification for their incorporation into common practice. In this review, we discuss the history of spinal robots along as well as currently available systems. We then examine the literature to evaluate accuracy, operative time, complications, radiation exposure, and costs - comparing robotic-assisted to traditional fluoroscopy-assisted freehand approaches. Finally, we consider future applications for robots in spine surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.