Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31807316›Full record

ArticleResearch involvement and engagement2019

Combining qualitative research with PPI: reflections on using the person-based approach for developing behavioural interventions.

Ingrid Muller, Miriam Santer, Leanne Morrison, Kate Morton, Amanda Roberts, Cathy Rice, Marney Williams, Lucy Yardley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research involvement and engagement, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Supporting families managing childhood eczema: developing and optimising eczema care online using qualitative research.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Children's Communication Choices About Musculoskeletal Pain and Injury: Insights From a Public Involvement Event.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Trial
  5. Article
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  7. 'I Want Everyone to Have It, and Everyone to Be on It': A Feasibility Study of the Transforming Long Covid Intervention.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Beyond the dataset: integrating public voices in data science.Research involvement and engagement · 2026
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  13. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ingrid Muller1Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9341-6133
Miriam Santer1Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Leanne Morrison1Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Kate Morton2Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Amanda RobertsPatient and Public Contributor, Southampton, UK.
Cathy RicePatient and Public Contributor, Southampton, UK.
Marney WilliamsPatient and Public Contributor, Southampton, UK.
Lucy Yardley2Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Funding

Department of Health RP-PG-0216-20007Department of Health RP-PG-0614-20004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe value and importance of qualitative research and Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) for developing complex health interventions is widely recognised. However, there is often confusion between the two, with researchers relying on just one of these approaches, rather than using the two alongside one another.

methodsThe Person-Based Approach (PBA) to developing health-related behaviour change interventions adapts and integrates methods from user-centred design and qualitative research. The PBA involves qualitative research at multiple stages of interventions to ensure they are acceptable, feasible, meaningful, and optimally engaging to the people who will use them. The qualitative research is carried out with research participants from a target population, who have no prior or continuing involvement in the wider research process and see the intervention from a fresh perspective. This enables in-depth understanding of the views and experiences of a wide range of target users and the contexts within which they engage with behavioural change.PPI in research is carried out

resultsWe advocate using qualitative research alongside PPI at all stages of intervention planning, development, and evaluation. We illustrate this with examples from recent projects developing complex health interventions, highlighting examples where PPI and PBA have pulled in different directions and how we have approached this, how PPI have helped optimise interventions based on PBA feedback, and how we have engaged PPI in community settings.

conclusionsPPI provides a valuable alternative to the traditional researcher-led approaches, which can be poorly matched to the needs of target users. Combining PPI with the PBA can help to create optimally engaging interventions by incorporating a greater diversity of feedback than would have been possible to achieve through PPI or qualitative approaches alone.

Indexed as

Patient and public involvementPerson-based approachQualitative research

Identifiers

PMID31807316
PMCPMC6857167

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.