ArticleBMC health services research2019
Type 2 diabetes and healthcare resource utilisation in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Article in BMC health services research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of hidden hunger on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Assessment of nutritional literacy and its association with glycemic control and obesity in type 2 diabetic patients in Bahrain.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Challenges in child and adolescent health across the Arab Gulf countries-Focus on metabolic health.Clinical obesity · 2025Review
- The Economic Cost of Type 2 Diabetes in Indonesia: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (CC-SCODI).Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Availability and affordability of antidiabetic medicines in Herat of Afghanistan in 2023.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Burden of non-communicable diseases in Health Council of Gulf Cooperation (GCC) countries.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: Knowledge, awareness, and practices in primary-care centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Characteristics, glycemic control and outcomes of adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus attending specialized clinics in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain-A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Awareness and Knowledge in the Non-medical Bahraini Population.Cureus · 2023Article
- Utilization Trend of Parenteral Antidiabetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Covered by Iran Health Insurance Organization from 2011 to 2030.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- The case for investing in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council: an economic evaluation.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Health insurance status and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Effects of routinely collected health information system variables on the readmission of patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2021Article
- Greater and More Focused Measures Are Needed to Tackle Diabetes and Obesity Epidemics in the Nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council.International journal of endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes is a growing health challenge in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and the disease exerts significant pressure on the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess the annual costs and understand the drivers of those costs in the country.
methodsA sample of 628 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from primary healthcare diabetes clinics, and the direct medical and indirect costs due to type 2 diabetes were analysed for a one-year period. The study used patients' medical records, interviews and standardised frequency questionnaires to obtain data on demographic and clinical characteristics, complication status, treatment profile, healthcare resource utilisation and absenteeism due to diabetes. The indirect costs were estimated by using the human capital approach. The direct medical and indirect costs attributable to type 2 diabetes were extrapolated to the type 2 diabetes population in Bahrain.
resultsIn 2015, the total direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes was 104.7 million Bahraini dinars (BHD), or 277.9 million US dollars (USD), and the average unit cost per person with type 2 diabetes (1162 BHD, or 3084 USD) was more than three times higher than for a person without the condition (372 BHD, or 987 USD). The healthcare costs for patients with both micro- and macrovascular complications were more than three times higher than for patients without complications. Thus, 9% of the patients consumed 21% of the treatment costs due to complications. Complications often lead to hospital admission, and 20% of the patients consumed almost 60% of the healthcare costs attributable to type 2 diabetes due to hospital admissions. The indirect cost due to absenteeism was 1.23 million BHD (3.26 million USD).
conclusionType 2 diabetes exerts significant pressure on Bahrain's healthcare system - primarily due to costly diabetes-related complications. It is therefore important to optimise the management and control of type 2 diabetes, thereby reducing the risk of disabling and expensive complications.
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